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W SAMUEL P. FOWLER.
DAN VERS, MASS.
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ARBUSTpUM AMERICANUM:
THE
AMERICAN GROVE>
OR, AN
ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE
O F
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS,
NATIVES OF THE AMERICAN UNITED STATES,
ARJEUINOED ACCORDING TO THE LINlfAAN SYSTEM.
«
CONTAINING,
The particular diftinguiniing CharaQers of each Genus, with
plain, fimple and familiar Defcriptions of the Manner of Growth,
Appearance, ifc. of their feveral Species and Varieties.
ALSO, some hints OP THEIR USES IN
MEDICINE, DYES, and DOMESTIC OECONOM Y.
COBIPILSD FROM ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE AND OBSERVATION, AND
THE ASHSTANCE OF BOTANICAL AUTHORS,
By HUMPHRY MARSHALL.
PHILADELPHIA:
«
PRINTED BY JOSEPH CRUKSHANK, IN MARKET-STkE^T, BETWEEN
SECOND AND THIRD-STREETS.
M 1>CC J.XXXV.
N
\Y
T O
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Enquire,
PRESIDENT,
JOHN EWING, D. D.
WILUAM WHITE, D. D. and ^ rUe-PreJuknU,
SAMUEL VAUGHAN, Efquirc,
AND
TO THE OTHER MEMBERS
OF THE
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
THIS
ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE
OF THE
FOREST TREES and SHRUBS,
NATIVES of the AMERICAN UNITED STATES,
IS iLfiSPfiCTFXrLLT DEDICATED
By the Author.
A •■'
I NT R O D U C T r O R
Wti £ N we take a furvey of Mankind
in general^ and of the feveral req^i-
iites by which life is rendered comfortable
and durable, the productions, of the Vege-
table iGngdom are amongft the foremoft ; as
affording the principal necefTarieSi conveni<-
cncies, and luxuries of life.
It is in this view, that the Science of Botany,
or that branch of natural Hillory which
teachea the right knowledge of Vegetables,
and their application to the mod beneficial
uies^ is an objeA which not only merits the
attention and encouragement of every patriotic
and liberal mind, but undoubtedly deferres a
place amongft the firfl; of ufeful purfuits.
That it is an objedl highly deferving the at«-
teution of Mankind in general, cannot be
denied j but in a particular manner of the
inhabitants of this Commonwealth, the anth<^
wifhes to make appear more obvious.
Thofc who are converfant in trade well know
the continual enormous expence we are at in
purchafing foreign Teas, Drugs, Dye-ftufls,
&c« The diminution of this, ought to be the
care and concern of .every friend to his Conn-*
try's welfare. And we prefume it will appear
evident, that the moft eligible and obvious
means
( vi )
means of obtaining this defirable objcdl, will
be by a proper attention and application to
Horticulture and Botany. In this view, the
following -confideratioris more particularly
prefent themfelves.
I. The introdu^ton and cultivation of foreign
nfeful and valuable plants. Our extent of ter-
ritory, our diverfity of Climate, of Soil, and
of Stuation, leaves not a doubt but rfiat we
might introduce and cultivate to advantage,
many of the fame articles, whofe importation
^t this time, is to us, a confiderable expence.
The Thea viridis & boheay the true green and
bohea Tea pl^nt, formerly accounted different
ipecies, but now known to be the fame, and
one of the greateft drainers of our wealth;
may be procured either from its native place
of growth, or from Europe where it has be-
come pretty common ; and we have every rea-
fon to believe, from its being the fpontaneous
produce of the fame pat'allel of latitude, and
from other confide^ations refpedting its na-
tural hiftory, that it might thrive well in our
Southern States. In this fame view the Vine,
the Almond Tree, Fig Tree, Liquorice, Mad-
der and Rhubarb, defervedly require our atten-
tion. Many other* foreign ufeful plants
might be enumerated, and the advantages
that may be derived to this Commonwealth
from their introduftioii, encreafe and culture,
muft appeftr fulEciently obvious.
♦ See Tranfaftions of the American Philofophical Society,
Vol. LJage 155.
( viir )
11. Tht dtft()fuenftg the (fi^iditieT and ufesof^ur
aivu native^ Veget(mc produ^imr^ • tmd defying
them to the m^ ufeful purpofes. Otir extent of
luxuriant unexpldrecL ^terrkoiy , is an dbyt^
whicli here in a particular imamaer occurs re«
plete with promifing advantages. Our' being
able to difcover a |)lant a£eqtial general islage
with the Pat Otoe ^ Tabaccbi, ovfGi^ngy; or good
fubftitutes for Tea^ Coffee and Peruvian Barkf
wouldi be advantages iiitpailiog alL adequate
eftimaticxi. » .,..,; ^ . . >..,;...
It is true, we may gain- by tediotls experi**
ence, or ftumblebyjdia]iceupon.many ufeftd
difcoveries refpedting the ufes and . medicinal
virtues of plants, but it is from our obferva^
tions and refearches founded uponfy and di-
redled by; 3, knowledge of Botany , thatiwe cart
alone hope for certain .fuccefs. . From ithe
writings of the celebrated Linnaeus this gene-
ral rule is fufficiently .eftablifhed ; that plants
of the fame habit and appearancd, and thoi^
which agree in the difpofition of their^owers
and. fruit, have likewife fimilar. virtues and
properties. From this obfervation.we dediice
an obvious inference ; that the more general
knowledge we obtain of the charadters and
appearance of plants, the more likely vie jQiall
be alfo to encreafe our knowledge 01 their vir-
tues, qualities and ufes.
This fubjedt has been much urged and long
dwelt upon from a convidlion of its impor-
tance and promifing advantages : the audior,
influenced by thefe confiderations, and from
.a belief
a b^ef that it nught ccntribttte in ioifie de-
gree ,ta teoder z k&owlodge of^this iiil^fk
tDOi?e.&iiuliat an4' Q2tfy>*^^ beea induced to
dni# ^ up.; thia Alpliabetical Catalogue of the
Fardft:;T}iees.a]]d Shriagbsy natiTcs of the Ame^
IMsaii Uoiced $tates,..a4inesBidt3i^ bythe.beft
autfhois^. jQc^ncedi&oTe]^ by ingenious tra**
Tellers* » la this^ Catalogue are contained their
Linnacatt Generic and trivial names, (or new
formed onbs where thefe have been ip^antinfir)
togedier with their mod common aod t^ovi
ed Engliih ones; the particular diftinguiihing
dmrai^erB of each. Genus ; a plain and £uii-
liar deicription of the appearance, manner of
growth, &C; of. their fevcral fpecies and va^i^
rietite;. anad alfb, fame hints of their native
jbil and fituadon^ ufes in Medicine, as Dyes
aiid in domeflic oeconomy«
As terms peculiar to the fcience frequently
and unavoidably occur, it was judged need-
iaryy in order to render the work more uieful
and complete, to prefix a general explanation
ofivthe Linnaean fyftem of arrangement, as
alfo of the ufefiil and unavoidable fcientilSc
terms; for this and other purpofes tlie author
has availed himfelf from the beft writers, of
what has been judged mod applicable and
conducive to his dcfign. The whole farming
an ufefal Vademecum Botanicumy ot Botanical
G>mpanion,
In this my Countrymen are prefented at one
view with a concife defcription of their own
native Foreft Trees and Shrubs, as far as hi-
therto difcovcred. And thofe whofe fancy
may
( i* )
may lead to this delightfal fcience, may by a
little application, from hence be enabled fcien-
tifically to examine and arrange, not only thofe
of the Ihrubby, but the feveral and various
Ipecies of the herbaceous clafs. The foreigner^
curious in American coUedlions, will be here-
by better enabled to make a feledion fuitable
to his own particular fancy. If he wifhes to
cultivate timber for oeconomical purpofes, he
is here informed of our valuable Foreft Trees:
if for adorning his plantation or garden of
our different ornamental flowering ihrubs.
The author would have been happy, could
he have given alio a defcriptive Catalogue of
our native herbaceous plants. At prefent,
circumflances oblige hini to confine himfelf
to Foreft Trees and Shrubs ; however he has
fuch a work in contemplation fhould this
meet with the encouragement of the public.
He is well aware that many improvements
might have been made, with regard to the
form and manner of defcription, as well as
by the addition of Synonyms, Notes of re-
ference, &c. but, upon refledling that the ge-
nerality of his Readers would have been more
cmbarrafled and confufed than profited there-
by, he was determined to ufe the moft plain
and familiar method and language, in order
to render the work as generally ufeful as poffi-
ble; this being the chief end and deiign of the
undertaking.
b A Viezu
( « )
A View of the Twenty -four Claffes of the Sexual-
System of LiNNiEus, with their Names and Cha^
racers; alfo the Number and Explanation of Or den
contained in sach.
Number Tbeir Names and Numher Tbeir Names, expre five rf ^
«ftht Charters. ofOtder$ the Nrnnber of Female
Claffes, in each, Paris or Styles,
. .One fertiie ftamen, i. c. it^l Motfo^m^, - -
having the Antbera
2. DIANDRIA.
Two fruitful Stamna or
male parts.
^. TRIANDRIA.
Three ditto.,
4. TETRANORJA.
Four ditto, all of e^ual
Icn^h, by which it is
diflinguiihed from the
fourteenth clafe.
I.
X
7 C^- ^
Mono^ymia,
Di^nia,
Jngynia,
MoDo^ynia,
Di^nia,
Trigynia,
C3-
1. Mono^nia,
Digynia,
Tetragynia,
PENTANDRIA.
Five ditto.
}
5i
6. HEXANDRIA.
Six ditto, all of equal
length, by which this
is dillinguiihed from
the fixteenth clafs.
7. KEPT ANURIA*
i^even ditto*
8. OCTANDRIA..
Eight ditto.
ENNEANDRIA.
Nine ditto.'
'I. MonogyniA,
a. Digjrma,
3. Triginia,
4. Tetragynia,
5. Pentagynia,
.0. Polygynia,
i. Monogynia,
1. Digyma,
^5^3- Trigynia,
4. Tetragynia,
Is. Poiygynia,
1. Monogynia,
2. Digynia,
3. Tetragynia^
4. Heptagynia^
I. Monogynia,
1. Digynia,
3. Trigynia,
4. Tetragynia,
Monogynia^
Trigynia,
5. Hcxagynia,
I
- t
- 5
* I
%
- 5
X
« %
' 4
- X
- %
- 4
- S
many
X
- z
4
many
- X
' 2.
- 4
7
t
z
- 3
4
*
I
2:
- ^
to. DECAN-
\
( ^ )
fMber Thmr If&mes mti
Clafa.
10. DECANDRIA.
Tea dittos
fhmptf
€f Order r
tn each.
11. DODECANDRIA. -%
From eleven to nineteen v 6
Stamtta, incluiive. 3
It. IC08ANDRIA. "
Twenty ftamina and tqy-
ward»(fometime8few- '
er) affixed to the inner
fide of the Cn^lU or
caljx and not to the ^ 5
receptacle; the corol- I
la is fattened to the in- I
ner fide of the csAyx. I
which 18 concave and |
of one leaf. J
13. FOLYANDRIA. 1
From fifteen to one thon- I
fand ftamina, which I
ate fattened to t!hef
receptacle. It dhCerd I f
ftotii &e teofiuMa in [ *
the calpt dnd the in*
fertiott of the Stamra I
and Cmila, J
14. DIDYNAMIA,
Foar StaniM: the two
next to one another
Shorter than the other
two ; one ttvie and an
uneven Coroua,
IS* TBTRADYNAMIA. 1
6ix Staminu^ tapering and
ereft: the two oppofite
as long as the calyx, } %
the other four a little
longer s four even pe-
t»l8.
thmr Namttt exfriffive 0/ '^
thi NtMer if FtmaU \
'Parti of StfUi. T
Monoj^nia'y
l^ig^ma,,
Tngjrttia,
PeAtagynia, » ■
Deca^ia,
Monogynia^
Digynia,
Tngynia •
Pentagynia,
Otiagynia, •*
]>od6cagyms»
z
- %
S
10
z
- %
5
It
Mono^ynia/
Di^ynia^
Tngynia, ^
Pentagynia,
Polygywa^
- »
3
5
-many
I.
3.
I:
L7-
Monogynia,
©igynia,
Tngynia,
Tetragynia,
Pentagynia,
Hexagynia,
Polygynia,
X
- 3
4
■ I
• many
Thtir Nttma txprefiv4 «/ tht
dijpojition ojf (bar Seeds-
Cryimofpermia^-'-Seeda
naked in the calyx.
Angiof^ermia Seeds
covered m a feed-veflel.
Silicnlofa— Seeds in fmaU
ttiort pods.
Siliquofa— Seeds in long
flender pods.
16. MONA-
(in )
15-
I9umher Tknr KitmiS and Numker
cfthe CbaraBets» of Orders
Clqffes. in each.
j6. MONApELPHIA. 1
• A Periantbtum^ perma-
nent, often double ;
live petals. The fila-
ments all joined in one
parcel below, but not
. . above; the external
Ihorteft.
i;. DIADELPHIA.
The filaments all joined
below in two parcels,
one fimple the other
nihe-clett. A perian- i
thium of one leaf, bell- \ ^
ihaped and falling-off.
The CoroiU always but-
tcV'-fljr-ihaped and un-
even* J
X9. POLYADELPHIA. *)
The filaments united be- C
low into three or more C ^
diftln^ parcels. J
Their Nmnes cliff f expref^ *
five of the Number of §
Male Parts or Stamina,
Pentandria,
Decandria, r
Endecandria,
Dodecandria,
Polyandria, -
5
- - lO
IX
- 12
- many
Hexandria,
O^aadria,
Decandria,
6
- 8
lO
I
1(9. 6YNGENESIA.
The Stamina joined by
their Anthers (rarchr by
their filaments) in rorm
of a cylinder. .
\6
r. Pentandria, "^ r 5
X, Icofandria, - ao
3. Polyandria, - many
_fi. Polygamia ^Equ^is — t
Equal Polygamy. The flo-
rets all hennaphrodite.
X. Polygamia Superflua— -
Superfluous Polygamy. The
fiorets in the center herma-
phrodite, thofe in the cir-
cumference female.
5. Polygamia Fruftanea —
Ineflfeftual Polygamy. The
florets in the center henna-
phrodite, thofe in the cir-
cumference barren.
4. Polygamia Necefl*aria— :
Neceflary Pglygamy. The
hermaphroSite florets in the
center barren/ but the fe-
male in the circumference
fruitful.
5. Polygamia Segregata-—
Separate Polygamy. The
florets feparated by partial
flower-cups within a com-
mon calyx.
6. Monogamia, Single mar-
riages, containing fimple
flowers whofeAntheraearc
united.
( «iii )
efthe
Chffes,
Thtk Nttmit and
Cbargfters.
Nnmher Tbar Nawut cbufy etprtf-
•f Orders five •/ tht Numker of
in each, Male Parts or Sianina,
^
^. GYNANDRIA.
The Stdnuna or male parts
attached to, and grow-
ing upon the female or
fifiillum.
17
Male and female flowers (
in diftind cups on the f ^
fame plant. J
%^. DIOECIA^
Male and female flowers
on different plants
the fame Species. ^
rsi
ofr^:
^3. POLYGAMIA.
Male, female and her-
maphrodite flowers di-
ftind in the fame Spe-
cies, and fometimcs
on the fame plant.
04. CRYPTOGAMIA. 1
The fru^ification either i
wholly efcapes our no- \ 4
tice, or the flowers are I
hid within the fruits J
' 3
4
" I
10
mznj
- *
5
. 4
' I
- 7
manj
i. Diandria,
2. Triandria,
3. Tetrandria, -
4. Pentandria,
5. Hexandria,
6. Decandria, - '^
J. Polyandria,
'' I. Monandria^
2. Diandria,
3. Triandria, -
4. Tetrandria, *
5. Pentandria, -
0. Hezandria,
7. Heptandria, -
8. Pofjandria^
9. Monadelphia, Filaments
united.
la Sy ngenefl a, Antherae united*
If. G)rnandria, Stamina grow-*
ing out of the piftilium*
1. Monandria. - i
2« Diandria, - ~ %
3. Triandria, - 5
4. Tetrapdria, « 4
5. Pentandria, - - 5
6. Hexandria, - 6
7p 06landria^ - - ^
^f Enncandna, • 8
9, Decandria, - - 10
10. Dodecandria, - iz
|i« Polyandria, - maoy
12. Monadelphia, Filaments
united.
13. Diadelpbia, Anthers united,
i^. Syngenefia, Stamina grow-
ing out of the pillillum.
*i, Monoecia, one hoilfe, or male
and female flowers on the
fame plant.
2. Dioecia, two houfes, or male
and female flowers on fe-
3 { parate plants.
3. Trioecia, three houfes, or
male, female and herma-
phrodite, growing on three
diftind plants of the fame
Genus.
Filices. Ferns.
Mufci. MoflTes.
Algae. Fucus, or Sea-weed;
Fungiy MuihrooQS.
( xiy )
if^ote, fdlm^f the Palms have, In late works, been added bf
; way of appendix, and conftitutes the 25th clafs; but as tbefe
* are not natives of thefe States, and their fruflification but
imperfeflly known, they are omitted.
From the preceding Yit^ it at)pe!2lrs» that the
lEilames and Charaders of the Twenty-four Clafles,
itre each founded on either the Number^ Infertm^
Equality^ ConneSlion^ Situation^ or Abfcnce of the
Stamina oc Malb S^xIjal Organs.
On Number mly^ dre founder) the firft elevett Glafles,
ffoih Monandria to t)odecandria.
^""eZu/, ""^"^l J5idy^a«^»a and Tetradynamia.
On Oonnedion^ Monadelphia, Diadttphia, PolyadcU
phia, and Syngenefi^.
Oh Infeftion only^ Oynabdria.
Ofi Sifuatidn^ Monoetia, Dioecia and Polygamia.
On Ab/efuej Cryptogamist.
( ^v )
Jn Explanation of the different parts of fruSfficatm,
FRUCTIFICATION is a temporary part of vegeubles,
appointed for the parpofe of generation, terminatine;
the old vegetable and beginning the new. The parts of fruc-
tification are the feven following, viz.
1. The Calyx ^ flower- cup, or empalement.
2. The CoroUa, petals, or painted leaves of the flower.
3. Th^ Stamina^ threads, or chives.
4. The Pifiilumy or pointal.
5. The Pericarpiumt or Seed-vefleL
6. The Steds.
7. The Receptacle^ or bafe on which all the other parts of the .
fruftiflcation are conoeAed.
I. The calyx (which is the termination of the outer bark of
the plant, prefentlng itfelf in the fru6^ification, in this
form) comprehends the feven following fpecies, viz. tha
piriqruthiumi the involucrum, the /jmefitum, tbs fpadiXf thefiu-
ma» the caljptra^ and volva^ of each of which la their order,
1. The perianthiuftti the flower-cup or empalement properly
fo called, is the mod common fpecies of calyr, and fltuated
clofe to the fruflilication. If it enclofes the ftmnim and
genfie% it Is called the perianthium of the fru^iflcation. If
Ic enclofes the Stamina and not the g^nn^n, it is the perianthium
of the flower. If it includes the gerpiemj and not the jfla-
mt^M, it is the perianthium of the fruit.
2. The invoff^cfum ox cover is fltuated at the bottom of an um-
bel, at fomedifiancefrom the flower. It is called an univer-
fal involucrum or cover, if it is fltuated at the bottom of an
univerfal umbel; and a partial involucrum or cover, if at tb^
foot of a partial umbel.
3. The amentum or katkin is that fprtpf calyx, which conGfts of
a gre^t number of chaffy fcales proceeding from a cofmnoiji
receptacle or (lender thread, bs in has^el, ai^er^ &c.
4. Thefpath^ or (heath is a fort of calyx whlchJjurfls lenf t!v
ways^ and puts forth a fialk fupporting the ^^owers ; as in
nafcijfus^ fnow<lrop, arum, indian turnep &c.
5. The glumaot chaffy hu&, is that fort ot calyx peculiar tp
tgraflfes, compoCed of thin fca}es or Vjalve^s, which are often
terminated by an arijla^ a beard, or awn.
6. The calyptra a veil or hood, is a fort of calyx peculiar to
mofles.
( xvi )
inoflTes, placed over their anthera^ and refeinbliog a monk's
cowl, or rather an extinguifher.
7. The vo/va is a fort of calyx peculiar to the fungi or mufh-.
room tribe, involving or.inclofing their fruftification. It is
membranaceous and torn quite round.
Jl. The cofolla^ literally a wreath or garland, (ferving together
with the* calyx as covers to the parts they inclofe) is the"
termination of the inner bark of the plant prefenting itfelf
- in this form, and coniifts of the petdum and ne&arium,
1. The petalum or petal is the corrollaceous covering of the
flower. If the flower is monopetalous, i. e. conQfts of
one petal, the lower hollow part of fuch a corolla is called
tubuSf the tube, and the upper part which fpreads wider is
called limbusy the limb or border. And from its different
flgure it is called either,
Bellrjbaped, without any tube below,
Fumeljbaped or conical, with a tube.
Saucer or falver-Jbaped, with a tube.
Wheel Jbaped, without any tube below; or
Gapmgj h'pped or maiked.
If the corroUa be polypetalous, i, e. confifts of many petals,
the lower part of each petal is called, the unguis, or claw.
And the upper part which is wider, is called the lamina, or
thin plate.
Again this upper part or lamina^ is either
Crojf-Jbaped, of four equal fpreading petals; or
Butter-fly-Jbaped, irregular and of four petals ; the uppfcr one
of which is called the Jiandard; the two fide ones wings;
and the under one the keel.
2. ThoneSiarium is that part of the corolla which contains
the honey; having a wonderful variety both as to fhapeand
fituation, and is fometimes united with the petals, and fome-
times fcparate from them.
III. The Jlamina are thofe parts of a flower appropriated to
the preparation of the pollen, or fecundating duft, and con-
flft of ^e filamentuniy the anther a, and the pollen,
I. The JUamentum, the filament or thread ferves to elevate the
antherce, and conneft it to the flower.
i. The antheray or fummit of the ftamen^ is that part which
contains the pollen or fecundating duft, and difcharges it
when ripe.
3. The pollen, or impregnating duft, is that fine powder con-
tained within the anthera, or tops of the ftamina, and dif-
perfed when ripe, upon the female organ, for impregnating
;he fame.
IV. The
( xvii )
IV^ The piftillum^ poincal, or female organ, adheres to the
fruit, and is that part appropriated for the reception of the
pollen, fpoken of above. It confills of the germen, the Jiylus^
and the Jiigma.
1. The germetiy or feed-bud, is the bafe or lower part of the
pijlillum, containing the rudiments of the unripe fruit, or
feed, in the flowering ftate of the plant,
2. The fiylus^ or flyle, is that part of the piftillum which (hnds
upon the gennen, and elevates the Jligma or fummit. .
3. ihejligma, the furamit, or top of the ftyle, is that part
which receives the fertilizing duft of the antherte, and tranf-
mits its effluvia, through the ftyie into the middle of the
germciiy or feed- bud.
V. The psricarpium, or feed veflel, is that part which contains
the feeds, and difcharges them when ripe. It comprehends
the eight following fpecies, viz. the capfula, the filiqua^
the legumeHf the conceptaculum or follkulusy the drupa, the
pomum, the hacca^ and the (lrobilus\ of each of which in
their order.
1. The capfuloj a capfule or little caflcet, is a dry hollow feed-
veffel, that fplits or opens in fome determinate manner.
Capfules, when opened or fplit, are divided outwardly into
one or more pieces, called valvular or valves, the parrs
which divide the capfules internally into cells are called
dijjepimentay or partitions. And the fubftances which con-
neftthe partitions to the CQeds>, are called columella, or little-
pillars. The empty fpaces for containing the feeds, arc
called loculamenta, or cells.
2. The Jiliquay or pod is a feed-velTel with two valves, having
the feeds fixed along the joining or edge of both valves.
3. The legumen^ or cod, is a reed-veffelwith two valves, having
the feeds fixed along the edge of one pf the valves only.
4. The conceptaculum, a receiver; ox folliculusy a little bag, is
a fced-veflel with one valve, fplitting length-ways from top
to bottom, and has no feam for fallcning the feeds with-
in it.
5. Tbe drupa^ drupe, or ftcne fruit, is a pulpy feed-vefTel,
which has no yalvc, or external opening, and contains with-
in it a ftone or nut.
6. The pomum, or apple, is a pulpy feed-veffcl, which has
no valve or external ppening, and contains within it a
capfule.
7. The bacca, or berry, is a pulpy feed veflel, which has no
valve, and conuins feeds which are naked, or have no
other coverlrg than the pulp.
r Q Thr*
( xviii )
8. The ftfobilusy oi^waej is a foed-vcffel compofcd of woody
fcales, laid overdfie another like^les; it opens only at
top, the fcales being fixed below (o the center of the cone*
Vi. Semen, the feed, is z, deciduous part of the plant, con-
taining the rudiments of a new vegetable, and fertilized by
the fprinkling of the m^le daftl Under this head are com-
prehended the feed properly fo called, the nut and prapagOn
The nut is a feed covered with a hard bony ikin.
PropagOy the feed of the molTes, which has no tunic or
covering. . .
VII. The receptactdumy or recq)tacle,- the feventh and laft
piart of the.fru6fcification on which the other fis are conneded*
comprehends the receptaculum proprium, the receptaeulum com'
mune, and tht JpoiUx,
1. The receptaculum proprium^ or proper receptacle, which be-
longs to the pacts of a (ingle fru6Hiication only. It is called
the receptacle either of the fruSificatim, when it is com-
.mon to both flower and fruit; of the jWer, when the
parts of the flower only are fattened to it without the gef-
meri; of the fruit when it is a bafefbr the fruit, and at a di-
flance from the receptacle of the flower; or of the feeds^
when it is a bafe to which the feeds are fixed within the
pericofrpium or feed-veflel.
2. The receptaculum commune^ or cotnmon teceptacle, Is that
which^ connedls fevcral florets together; as in compound
flowers ; and is either paleaceum chaflFy, t. e. with thin
membranaceous chaffy plates riling between the florets, or
nudum naked, without chaffy plates.
3. The fpadix is the receptacle of th^ palms, and is always
branched. It is alfo ufed to flgnify the flower ilsilk of every
plant, which was originally contained mthin ^ Jpatha or
fheath; but in this lad cafe it is often Ample.
Explanation of the Modes of Flowering.
The peduncle or foot-ftalk of the flower is a partial trunk, bear-.
ioig the fruftiflcation only, but not the leaves.
When branched or divided, each of the dlviflons is called
pedkeUus^ or a little flower-ilalk.
Flower-ilalks are dillinguifhed from the place of the plant
wher^ they grow, into,
1. The radkcd flower- flalk, when they proceed immediately
from the root.
2. The cauline fiower-ftalk, which proceeds from the flem.
3. Tbo
( xi* )
3. The htmch pedoncle, whkh proceeds from the branches.
4. The asdlUry^ or bofon fiower-ftalk, which comes out be^
tween the leaf and ftem, or between the branch and fiem.
5. The temund fiower-fialk, which comes from the extremity
of the branch or ftem.
6. The fiiitarf pedancle» wben there is on1]r one in the fame
place.
7. Thc/cfl^meipedmides, when a great many grow together
without any order.
Flowcr-ftalks are alfo diftinguiihed from the different modes
in which i^owers are borne and connected on them, into the
Uftiftcfous, hifiorouSf trifiorous^ or multifiorous peduncle, that Is,
which bear one, two, three, or many flowers.
flowers are alfo colleded or borne in the ten following modes.
I. The fafciculuSi a bunch or bundle, when peduncles are
ereft» parallel, placed clofe to one another, aiid all of the
fame height, as in fweet-william,
%, The capitulum^ a little head, where many flowers are colle6l-
«d into ahead, at the extremity of a pedtinde, as in gl6be
amarmahus»
3. Thejpilce, where the flowers fit clofe without foot-ilalks,
and are placed along a common flower-ftalk. A fpike is
called fecunda^ imgle ranked, when all the flowers are
turned to one flde ; or dijlichof double ranked, when the flow*
ers look to both lides, or ftand two ways.
4. The cerymbuft where the leOTer flower-ilalks of unequal lengths
are produced along the common peduncle on all fldes, and
rife to the fame height, fo as to form a flat or even furface
at top, as in fpima opuHfolia;
5. The pmicle where the fructifications are difperfed upon
footdalks varioufly fubdivided, as in oats, &c. a panicle
is faid to be diffufe when the partial foot-ftalks diverge,
and the fruflifications hang loofe; or ftraigkt and narro^Kr^
when the foot-ilalk$ approach near to one another.
(S. The tkyrjus is a panicle contracted into an oval or egg-
ihaped-form, fomewhat refembiing the cone of a pine; as
in UlaCi horfe ckefnuPt &c.
7. The racemus or duller, confiils of a common peduncle,.
having ihort lateral branches, all nearly of equal lengttx
/proceeding from it ; as in the vine, currants &c. It is called
racemusfecundusy or a one ranked dufter when all the foot-flalks.
incline to one fide; as in the forrel-tre^ and moft of out
andfomedas.
I. Th^
( XX )
6. The vertkilkiSf or t^borl, wher6 the flowers are produced
^ in rings at each joint of the fiem, with very ihort foot-
ilalks ; as in mint^ hofelimnd^ &c.
■9. l*he umbeUa or umbel, where a number of fmall flower-
flalks rife from the fame center to an equal height and form
an even furface at top. It is called a fimple umbel^ when
' the flower-ftalks are Ample or undivided ; and a compound
umbel^ or fbmetimes an umverjal umbels when all the foot-
ftalks are fubdivided into fmaller umbels, commonly called
.partial umbeis
10. The cynuL, or irregular umbel, wl^ere the foot-ftalks rife
from a common center, and to an equal height, as in the
' umbel: but the fecondary or partial foot- ilalks are irregularly
difperfed, without order as in eldety viburhum &c/
' ^ The Reader is requefied to obferve that the names tf the Species,
under which the words, Bartram's Catalogue immediately occur^
'are net found in Linnceus's Species Plant arum^ but are taken from
4 Sheet Catalogue publi/bed by John and William Bartram, Botanifts
in Kingfeffitig ; containing the names of Forejl Trees and Shrubs,
growing in, or near their Garden
A CAT-
( xvii )
IV'. • The piftiUumy pointal, or female organ, adheres to the
fruit, and is that part appropriated for the reception of the
pollen, fpoken of above. It confifts of the germen, thoftylusj
and the^i^wifl.
1. The germen, or* feed-bud, is the bafe or lower part of the
piftillumy containing the rudiments of the unripe fruit, or
feed, in the flowering ftate of the plant,
2. Theftyluty or ftyle, is that part of the piftillum which ftands
upon the germeny and elevates the ftigma or fuminit.
3. iheftigmoy the fummit, or top of the ftyle, is that pare
which receives the fertilizing duft of the antherai and tranf-
mits its efflmia, thr-ough the ftyle into the middle of the
germen, or feed- bud.
V. The pericarpiumy or feed vcffel, is that part which contains
the feeds, and difcharges them when ripe. It comprehends
the eight following fpecies, viz. the capfula, the filiqua,
the legumen, the conceptaculum or folliculusy the drupct,' the
pomam, the haoea^ and the firobilus; of each of which in
their order.' '^' '
v The capfuloy a capfule or little caeflcet,- is adry hollow feed-
velTel, that fpiits or opens in fome determinate manner.
Capfules, when opened or fplit, are 'divided outwardly into
oae or more pieces, called va/vtt/af, or \falves, the parts
which divide the capfules internally into cells arc called
dijjepimenta, or partitions. And the fiibftanccs which' con-
nea the partitions to the feeds,af e tilled coiumellce; or little-
pillars. The empty fpaces for containing the feeds, are
called loculamenta, or cells.
2. The Jilitiua, or pod is a feed-veflel with two valves,' having
. the feeds fixed along the j6ining or edge of both valves.
3. The legunten^ or cod, is a (eed-veffelwith two valves, having
the feeds lixed along the edge of one of the valves only.
4. The conceptaculum^ a receiver; or folliculus^ a little bag, is
a fced-veflel with one valve, fplitting length*ways from top
to bottom, and has no feam for'faftening the feeds with-
m It.
5. The dmpa, drupe, or ftcne fruit, is a pulpy fced-veflel,
which has no valve, or external oj^ening, and contains with-
in it a ftone or nut. .
6. The pomum^ or apple, is a pulfiy 'feed-veffel, whir>i has,
• no valve or external opening, and contains within it a
capfule.
7. The baccoy or berry, is a pulpy feed veflel, whir.h has no
valve, and contains feeds which are naked, oz: have^ no
other covering than the pulp.
c 8. The
'( xviii ) *
8. Xheftf obUusj or cone, is a fee^-veffel compofed of woo<if
fcales, laid over one another like tiles ; it opens only at;
top, the fcales b^iog iixed below to the center of the cone«
VI. Seme'iif the feed, is a deciduous part of the plant, con-
taining the rudiments of a neyir vegetable, and fertilized by
the. fprinidlng of the male diift. Under this head are com-
prehended the feed properly fo called, the nut and pspago.
The ttftf is a feed covered wi|;h a hard bony 9dn. '
PropagOf the feed of the rnoSe^, which has no tunic or
. covering.
VJl. The receptqculim,. or receptacle, the feventh and lad
pa,rt ofthefru^iiica^ion on which the other fix are conne&ed»
comprehends the receptaculum proprium, the receptacuhim com-
mune y and the Jfiudix,
1. The receptaculum pt^fiumi, pr proper receptacle, which be-
longs, to the parts of a fiiigle £ru6^ificatioQ only. It iscallcd
the receptacle either of the fru&ificathn^ when it is com-
inqn tp^ both flpwer and fruit; of the jJover, when the
parts of the ilower only are fafiened to it without the ger-
men; of the fruit when it is a bafefor the fruit, and at a dl-
jdance from the receptacle of the flower; or of the feeds^
when it is a bafe to which the feeds are fixed within the
pericarpitm or feed-yeOel..
2. The recepta(^lurn cowonunef or common leceptacle, ts that
which connects ffvcral . florets together; as in compound
flowers; and is either jpai^o^^um chaffy, i. e. with thin
membranaceous chaffy plates rifing fc^etween the florets, or
nudum naked, without chaffy plates.
3. The fpadix is the receptacle of the palms, a];id is alw^ays
branched. It is alfo ufed to. iignify the flower ftalk of every
plant) which was originally contained within a Jpsiha or
iheath; but in tt^is lad cafe it is often Ample.
Explanation of the Modes of Flowering.
ThQ peduncle or foot-ftalk ojfthe flower is a partial trunk, bear-
ing the fruftification only, but not the leaves.
When branched or divided, each pf the divilions is called
pediceUuSy or a little flower-dalk.
Flower-ftalks are diftinguiflied from the place of the piant
where they grow, into,
1. The radical flower- ftalk, when they proceed immediately
from the root.
2. The cfltt/we flowcr-ftalk, which proceeds from the fiem.
3- The
(( six )
3. The IbrimrA pedoiicld, wbichprpceeds from Che branches.
4. The axiUa^y, or bofom flower-iftilk, which comes out be-
tween the leaf and ftem, or between the branch aiid flem«
5* The tifmiftal flower4laik, whfch comes from the extremity
of tbe branch or ftem.
<$. The /ol^arjr peduncle, when' there isonfy one in the fame
place.
7. The fcanered peduncles, when a great many grow together
without any order.
Flower-ftalks are alfo diftinguifhed from the different modes
in which flowers are borne and connected on them, into the
vniJhr&uSf biftormSy rr {/ferour, or multiflorous peduncle, that is,
which bear one, two, three, or many flowers.
Flower* are alfo coUefted or borne in the ten following'modes.
I. The fafciculus, a bunch or bundle, when peduncles are
ere6b, parallel, placed dofe to one another, and all of the
fame height, as in/weet-william.
a. The capitulum, a little head, where many flowers are colleft-
ed into a hea4» at the extreoHty of a peduncle, as In gli^e
omarMhus,.
3. Thefpike^ where the flowers fit clofe without foot-ftaIi:s,
and are placed along a common -flower-ftalk. A fpike is
€;alled fecund^ Angle ranked, when ail the flowers^ are
turned to one fide; or diJUcha^ double rahked, when the flow-
ers Ipok to both fldes, or (land two ways.
4. The corymbuf^ where the leiTer flower-ftalks of unequal lengths
are produced along the common peduncle on ail fldes, and
rife to the fame height, fo as to form a flat or even furface
at top, as in Jpiraa opulifolia.
5. The patiicle where the fruftifications are difperfed upon
foot-flalks variouily fubdivided, as in oats, &c. a panicle
is faid to be diffufe when the partial foot-ftalks diverge,
^ and the fruftifications hang loofe; or fttmght and narrow;
when the f oot-ilalks approach near to one another.
6. The th;jrjus is a panicle contracted into an oval or e^r
ihaped-form, fomewhat refembling the cone of a pine; as
in lilac^ horfe chefnut, &c.
7. The racemus or duller, conflfls of a common peduncle^
having fliort lateral branches, all nearly of equal length
. proceeding from it ; as in the vine, currants &c. It is called
^acemusfecundus^ or a one ranked clufter when all the foot-ftalk^
incline to one fide; as in the forrel-tree and mofl of oui;
uhdromedas.
1. The
( *» ) .
8^ The viftkUlus, or whori» where the flowerd are prodacad
..^in rings ac.each joint of thd' fte^, with very ihort foot-
.9. I'he um6«//4 or umbel, where a number of fmali flower-
Aalks rife frpm the fame center to an equal height and form '
., an. even furface at top. It is. called a fiwiple umbels when
the flower-flalks are limple or undivided; and a. compound
.. umbely fitSometimeszn uttiyerjalumbgly when all the footr
flalks are fubdivided into fmaller umbels, co^ioaonly called
.10. The x:ymjrOr ii;regul<ir ppbel, where the >foot-(Ulks rife
from a common center, and to an equal height, as in the
umbel : but the fecondary qy partial foot-ilalks are irregularly
.j4iii>£rfed, without order as in elder, viburnum &c.
^ The Reader is requefled to obftrve that the names of the Species^
under 'which the words, Bartram's Catalogue immediately occur,
iwenotfoartdifti Lmneeus^is Species Plant arum^ hut are taken from
/t^he^t Catalogue pubHJhed'by John and fViiliam Bmram, Sotanifts
in Kingfeffiftg; cthuaining- tlie names of Forejl Trees wid Shrubs,
growing irif^or fvear their Gardin. -
*- r
•t
t ■, t
A CAT-
( xvii )
IV. ThepyiUlunij pointal, or female organ, adheres to the
fruit, and is tfa^t part appropriated for the reception of the
poUen, fpoken of above. It conflfls of thegerfneny thtftylusy
and the^igffia*
1. The germen, or feed-bud, is the bafe or lower part of the
piJHliumy containing the rudiments of the unripe fruit', or
feed, in the flowering (late of the plant,
2. Theftylus, or ftyie, is that part of the pf/liV/uffi which ftands
upon the germen, and elevates the jfs^ma or fummit.
3. The ftigma^ the furamit, or top of the ftyle, is that part
which receives the fertilizing dull of the antheret\ and tranf-
mics its effhmay through the ftyie into the middle of the
gttmen^ or feed- bud.
V. The pfffcarpittw, or feed veffel, is that part which contains
the feeds, anddtfcharges them when ripe. It comprehends
the eight following fpecies, vi2. the ca^ula, the filiqua^
the legument the conceptaeulum or foUicuhis, the drupa, the
ptmufHy the baccoj and the lirobilus; of each of which in
their order.
2. The capfuhf a capfule or little caiket, is a dry h611ow feed-
vefTel, that fplits or opens in (bme determinate mantier.
Capfules, when opened or fplit, arb divided outwardly into
one or more pieces, called valvuhty or valves, the parts
which divide the capfules internally into cells are. called
difftfrntntOy or partitions. And the fubHances which con-
ned the partitions to the feeds, are called columellay :or little-
pillars. The empty fpaces for containing the feeds, are
called loctUamentay or cells.
2. TiieJUiquOy or pod is a feed- veffel with two valves, having
the feeds fiied along the joining or edge of both valves.
3. The legumen^ or cod, is a feed-veffel with two valves, having
the feeds fixed along the edge of one of the valves only.
4. The conceptaculum, a receiver; or folUculuSy a little bag, is
a fced-veflel with one valve, fplitting length- ways from top
to bottom, and has no feam for fartening the feeds with-
in It.
5. The drupOy drupe, or (lone fruit, is a pulpy feed-vefTel,
which has no valve, or external opening, and containswith-
in it a (lone or nut.
<5. The pomuniy or apple, is a pulpy feed-veffel, which has
no valve or external opening, and contains within it a
capfule,
7. The bacccy or berry, is a pulpy feed veffel, which has no
valve, and contains feeds which are naked, or have no
other covering than the pulp.
c 8. The
( xviii )
Z, The flf&hilus^^ or cone, is a feed-veffel compofed of wood/
fcales, laid over one another like tiles ; it opens only at
top, the fcales being fixed bellow to the center of the ci>nejr
VI. Semen, the feed, is a deciduous part of the plant, con-
taining the rudiments of a new vegetable, and fertilized by
the fprinkling of the male daft. Under this head are com-
prehended the feed properly fo called, the nut and propago.
The nut is a feed covered with a hard bony ikin.
Propago^ the feed of the molTes, which has no tunic of
coverii^g.
VII. The feceptaculum, or receptacle, the feventh and laft
part of thefruiftilication on which the other fix are conneftedi
comprehends the receptaculum propriunty the receptacnlum com*'
mune, and the fpadix.
1. The receptaculum proprium, or proper receptacle, which be-
longs to the parts of a. fingle fruftification only. It is called
the receptacle eitlper of the frudtijkmien, when it is com-
mon to both flowec and fruit; of thej^wffr, when the-
parts of the flower only are fattened to it without the ger-
men\ of th^ fruit when it is a bafefor the fruit, and at a di-
fiance from the receptacle of the flower ; or of the feeds,
when it is a bafe to which the feeds are fixed within the
pericarpium or feed-veflfeL
2. The receptaculum commune^ or common rece}>tacle, is that
which connefts fevcral florets together; as in compound
flowers; and is cither pdteaceum chaffy, ». e. with thin
membranaceous chafFy plates rifing between the florets, or
nudum naked, without chafFy plates.
3. The fpadix is the receptacle of the palms, and is always
branched. It is alfo ufed to fignify the flower flalk of every
plant, which was originally contained within vl Jpatha or
iheath; but in this laft cafe it is often fimple.
Explanation of the Modes oj Flowerings
The peduncle or foot-ftalk of the flower is a partial trgnk, bear-.
ihg the fruftification only, but not the leaves.
When branched or divided, each of the divifions is called
pedicellus, or a little flower-ftalk.
Flower-ftalks are diftinguifli^d from the place of the plant
where they grow, into,
1. The radical flower- flalk, when they proceed immediately;
from the root.
2. The cfl«/m5 flow^r-ftalk, which proceeds from the ftem.
3. The
( xix )
3. The hpanch p6dunde, which proceeds from the branches.
4. The axilhfy, or boforn fJower-ftalk, which comes out be-
tween the leaf and (lem, or between the branch and ilem.
5. The terminal flower-ftalk, which comes from the extremity
of the branch or flem.
6. The fditary peduncle, when there is only one in the fame
place.
7. ThQ fcattered Yicdundes, when a great many grow together
without any order.
Flpwcr-ftalks are alfo diftinguiflied from the different modes
in which flowers are borne and connected on them, into the
uniflorous, biflorouSy triflorous^ or multiflorous peduncle, that Is,
which bear one, two, three, or many flowers.
Flowers are alfo colle6ted or borne in the ten following modes.
1. The fafciculus, a bunch or bundle, when peduncles are
ere61:> parallel, placed clofe to one another, and all of the
fame height, as in fweet-william.
2. The capitulum, a little head, where many flowers are colledl-
.e4 into ahead, at the extremity of a peduncle, as in^o^
amaranthus.
3. The Jpike^ where the flowers fit clofe without foot-ftalks,
and are placed along a common flower-llalk. A fpike is
called Jecunda^ Angle ranked, when all the flowers are
turned to one flde; or dijlicha^ double ranked^, when the Aqw-
ers look to both fldes, or (land two ways.
4. The corjfnbuT, where the leflTer flower-ftaJks of unequal lengths
are produced along the common peduncle on all fldes, and
rife to the fame height, fo as to form a flat or even furface
at top, asin^iVi^a opulifolia,
5. The panicle where the fruftifications are difperfed upon
foot-flalks variouily fubdivided, as in oats, &c. a panicle
is faid to be diffufe when the partial foot-ftalks diverge,
and the fruftifications hang loofe; or flraight and narrow;
when the foot-flalks approach near to one another.
6. The thyrjus is a panicle contrafted into an oval or egg-
£haped-form, fomewhat refembling the cone of a pine ; as
in lilac, horfe cJiefnut, &c.
7. The racemus or clufter, conflfts of a common peduncle,
having fhort lateral branches, all nearly of equal length
proceeding from it ; as in the nne, currants &c. It is c?;lled
' racemusfecundusy or a one ranked clufter when all the foot-flalks
incline to one fide; as in the forrel-tree and moil of our
Mndromedas.
I. The
( XX ) *
S. The vertkUluSi or whorl, where the flowers are produced
in ri(ig3 at each joint of the Item, with very Oiort foot-
(lalks ; as in mita, horehmnd^ &c.
9. I'be umbella or umbel» where a number of fmall fiower-
ilalks rife from the fame center to an equal height and form
an even furface at top. It is called a fin^ umbel, when
the fiower-flalks are fimple or undivided; and a compumi
umbel, or fometimes an umverjal umbel, when all the fopt-
ilalks are fubdivided into fmaller umbels^ commonly called
partial umbels
10* The cyma, or irregular umbel, where the foot-flalks rife
from a common center, and to an equal height, as in the
umbel : but the fecondary or partial foot*ihlks are irregularly
difperfed, without order as in elder, viburnumf &c.
«?• The Reader is requeftedto obferve that the rtamer of the Spedes,
under which. the words, Bartram's Catalogue immediately occur,
are not found in Linmsus^s Species Pliamarumy but are taken from
a Sheet Catedogue pubUJbed by John arid WHliam Bartiram, Botahifts
in Kingfejing; containing the names of Fbrefi Trees and Shrubs,
grvwing in, or near their Garden,
A CAT-
QxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxQ
CATALOGUE
O F
TREES AND SHRUBS,
ACER.
THE MAPLE TREE.
Clafs 23, Order i. Polyandria Monoecia.
IT hath Hermaphrodite and Male fiowers upon the fame
tree.
In the Hefmaphfodite^
ThG Empalemem is of one leaf, five cleft, acute, coloured, plain
and entire at the bafe, and permanent.
The Corolla confids of five petals, which are ovate, broader
outward, obdife, fcarce larger than the calyx, and fpreading.
The Filaments are eight, awl-ihaped and fhort. The Antherts
fimple.
The Germen is comprefTed and fuok in the Receptacle, which is
large, convex and perforated. The Style is thread-form, en-
creafing in length. The Stigmas two, iharp-pointed, (lender,
and reiexed.
The Seed-yeJJels are two capfules joined at the bafe, roundiihy
compreffed, and each terminating in a large membranaceous
wing.
The Seeds are folitary and roundlfh.
The Male are the fame in all parts except wanting the germen
and ftyle.
Obf, The A(h-leaved Maple has male and female fldwers on
feparate trees.
A The
.( 2 )
Ihe Species with us are^
1 . Acer pennfylvanicum PennfylvaniaH
Divarf Mountain Maple.
This grows naturally upon the mountains in the
back parts of Pennfylvania. The ftcins are flender,
rifmg to the hdght of fix or eight feet, and fending
oflf fcveral oppofite branches. The leaves are three-
pointed, pretty much fa wed on their edges, and
placed oppofite upon pretty long footftalks. The
flowers terminate the ftalks in a pretty long ere<5^
racemusox bunch; they are fmall, of an herbaceous
colour, and in part fucceeded by fmall conjoined
winged feeds.
2. Acer glaucum. The Silver-Cleaved Maple.
This tree grows frequently to the height of fifty
or fixty feet, with many fpreading branches. The
leaves are five*lobed, fomewhat toothed, or deeply
and irregularly fawed on their edges : they are of
a lucid green on the upper fide and a bright filver co-
lour on their under. The flowers are produced in
little umbels at the foot of the leaves; they are of a
deep red colour, and are fucceeded by large winged
feeds, which fall off early in the fummer. This is
perhaps the Acer rubrum of Linnaeus.
3. Acer Negundo. The A/h-leaved Maple.
This tree is dioecious, or having male and female
flowers upon different trees; it is but of middling
growthi rifing perhaps to the height of twenty or
thirty feet. The leaves fomething refemble thofc of
the Afh, but are generally trifoliate or quinquefoliate,
or confifl:ing of three or five lobes ; which arc oval,
fomewhat pointed, and a little notched towards their
extremities. The -flowers of the male are produced
upon
( 3 )
upon pendulous bundles of very long fine threads or
footftalks, each having a fmall flower-cup at its ex-
tremity, containing five or more ftamina. The female
produces flowers at the extremity of the fmall branch-
es, in long loofe bunches ; they have long footftalks,
with a fmall deciduous empalement ; containing a
comprefled germen, with fcarce any ftyle, but two
i^eflexed ftigmas,
4. Acer canadenfe. American firiped Maple.
This is but of middling growth. Tl^e bark, efpecially
of the young fiioots, is beautifully variegated or ftrip-
cd. The leaves are divided into three very (harp
pointed lobes, and very finely fawed on their edges.
The flowers are produced in folitary bunches, with
Ihortifli footftalks \ having pretty large petals and
empalements, containing generally eight ftamina or
filaments^ and in hermaphrodite flowers two refle^ed
ftigmas* The flowers and feeds are of a grceniih
yellow colour,
5. Acer rubrum. The Scarlet flowering
Maple,
This grows to a pretty large fize in a rich foil. The
leaves are three and fometimes nearly five lohed, and
fawed on their edges. The flowers are produced in
little umbels clofely furrounding the fmall branches,
and arc of a fcarlet colour. The footftalks of the
hermaphrodite flawers, Jfhoot out to a confiderable
length; they are of a fcarlet colour, each fuftaining
two joined winged feeds, fomewhat of the fame co-
lour. There is a variety of this with yellowifli flow-
ers and feeds, which is, I believe, the moft common
kind in fennfylvania.
6. Acer
( 4 )
6. Acer facchar«m. Thf Sugar Maple.
This grows to a large tree of two feet or more in
diameter, and fifty or fixty feet high. The leaves
fomething refemble the Silver-leaved Maple, but arc
not fo large, nor deeply lobed ; or of fo fine a filver
colour. It flowers in manner of the Scarlet Maple,
but the flowers are of an herbaceous colour; and
produces large joined winged feeds. The back in-
habitants make a pretty good fugar, and in confider-
ablc quantity, of the fap of this and the Silver-leaved
Maple; and though thcfe have generally been pre-
ferred, yet all our Maples yield a fap which aflfords a
pretty good fugar.
^ 8 C U L U S.
THE HORSE-CHESNUT.TREE.
f
, Clafs 7. Order i . Heptandria Monogyijiiiji, .
THE Empalement is of one leaf, tubulous, fmall and five-
toothed.
The CwroUa conflfte of five petals, roandiOi, waved wHh a plait-
ed margin, plane, fpreadiqg, unequally coloured, and infert-
ed by narrow claws into the calyx.
The TiUments are feven (fometimes eight) awl-ftaped, the
length of the corolla, and declined. The Amherm rlilng.
The Germen is roundiih, ending in an awlfliaped Style, Tbe
Stigma fliarp pointed.
The Seed-veJJel a capfule, coriaceous, roundiih, three-cell'd and
three valv*d.
The Seeds or nuts two, fomewhat globofe, often but one ar-
riving to perfeftion.
*
I. ^scuLus odlandra. JV^ river Horfe
Chefnut.
This often becomes a tree of pretty large fizc.
The branches are fmooth and of a grcyifli colour.
The leaves are palmated, or compofcd of five pretty
large
( s )
t
Istgt kfbci jomei ai their bafe^ havingpa ^pcetty long
common footffalk: they are fomewhat wedge (hape,
or narrower towards the bafq than the point, veined
with oblique parallel veins, and fawed on their edges.
The flowers are produced in a loofe tbyr/usy at the ex-
treoiitycrf the branches, of a pale yellowiih colour;
and are fucceeded by fruit near the fize of the eaftera
Horfe-Cbefnut*
a. -fisGULUS Pavia. Scarlet powering ffor/c--
Chefnut.
. This ifi^but of humble growth, feldomrifing to
more than ten or twelve feet high ; fending out feve-
ral branches, with leaves and flowers much like the
former, cxicept the flowers being of a bright red
colour: they ftand upon fhort naked footftalks,
btanchmg from the common ftem, geherally five or
fix tf^etfaer in each ibyrfus. They are tubulous at
bottom but fpread open at top, where the petals are
irrbgular in fize and length, having fomething the
appearance of a lip flower ; they have feveb or eight
^ftamina the length of the petals. When the flower
fades the Germen fwells to a pear (haped fruit, with
a thick ruflet coloured covering, containing fbme-
times one or two nuts*
A M O R P H A.
BAST A RD-l N D I GO. \ '•
Claft 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria.
THE Empalement is of one leaf, tubulous^ cylindrical and
top-ihaped^ at the mouth eredk, five-toothed, and ob-
tofe: the two fuperior teeth largeft; permanent.
The CeroUa is a (ingle petal, inverfe egg-fhapc, concave, fcarce
Urger than the calyx, ere6t, inferted in the calyx between
the two Urged upper teeth, and placed on the upper fide.
The
( 6 )
The Filaments are ten, very fligbtly joined at the bafe, eieSt^
unequatin length, aod longer. tib^^iie corolla. The Antbera
are fimple.
The Germen is roundifh. The Style ^wl-ftaped and the lengtfx
of the Stamina. The Stigma is fimple.
The Seed-veffel a Legumen or Pod, moon-fliaped, reflejtect
larger than the calyx,, cojnpreffed^ the top moil r^ilexed, of
oixe cell, and ti^berqled.
ITie Seeds are two, of an oblong kidniey fornj,
Obf. This is fingularly diftinguiihable from all the Papilionace-
ous tribe, in having only- (he yexillum. or ilandard, and wanjt*
■ ipg the wings and k.eeL
^ere appears to be but one Species of this Genus ^ viz>.
Amorpha fruticofa. Shrubby Bajlavd ln4tg(^
This grows naturally in Carolina^ where it. rifes
"wich many irregular fteins,.to the height oi tea or
twelve feet, with very long winged leasts, in fhape
like thofe of the common Acacia. At the estrenuty
of the fame year's (hoots, the flowers are piodaced
in long flender fpikes^ which ar^ very fm.all aad of
a deep purple colour. The flowers arc fucceedcd
by moon-fhapcd, reflexed^ coaiprefled pods, ea(;]bk
containing two kidney-fhaped feeds..
ANDROMEDA.
A N.D R Q M ED 4.
Clafs 10. Order i. Decandria Monogynia..^
THE -Empdement is five-parted," acute, very fmallj colouredj^
and permanent. ,
The Corolla conMs of one petal, bell-fliaped and fixe-cleft:.th&
drvffions refiexed.
The Filaments are ten, awl-fhaped, longer ^baq and fcarcely af-
fixed to the corolla. The Anthem are two horned and nodding.
The Germen is roundifh. The Style cylindriipalj longer than the
Stamina and permanent. The. Stigma is obtji^fe.
'Tht Seed-veJJel acapfule, roundiih, pcn^goiial^ fivercelled,. fiv6
yalved, and gaping at the angles.
'" - ^ Tba
C 7 )
The Seeds are many, roundiih and ihining.
Oy. The Corolla in fome is ovate, in others perfeftly bell*
ihaped.
The Species are, native with usj
1. Andromeda arborea. The Sorrel Tree.
It grows naturally in Virginia, to about ten or
twelve feet high. The flowers grow in long naked
bunches, coming out from the fides of the branches,
of an herbaceous colour, ranged on one fide of the
common foot-ftalk: they are oval, pitcher-lhaped,
and nodding; and are fucceeded by fmall capfules.
CL. An d r o m e d a calyculata. Ever-green
Dwarf Andromeda.
This is a low fhrub, growing on moffy land. The
leaves are fhaped fomctbing like thofe of the Box
tree, and, are of the fame- confidence, having many
fmall punAures on them. The flowers grow in fliort
raccmi or bunches from the extremity of the branch-
es, they are white and of a cylindrical pitcher-fhape.
3. AndroxMEda paniculata. Pankled An--
dromeda.
This fhrub graws in boggy wet ground, rifing from
two or three to fix or feven fee*: high, fending out
feveral branches which are clothed with oblong leaves,
a little notched and placed alternately. The flowers
grow in long loofc panicled racemi or bunches, at the
extremity of the branches; they arc pitcher-fliaped,
and fucceeded by fmall round feed-veflels, having
five cells, filled with fmall round feeds. There is a
variety of this of low growth, differing in having
fhorter
Ihortcr paniclcd bunches of flowers, and thefe com-
ing out at the divifions, as well as at the extremities
of the branches.
4* Andromeda racemofa. Pennfyhanian
Red'-bud Jndrtmeda.
This grows in low clayed lands, to the height of
five or fix feet. The leaves are oblong and fcrrated..
The flowers are produced in a one fided racemus at
the extremity of the branches, and refemble the
other kinds. The long bunch of flower buds arc of
a beautiful red colour in the fpring, and thereby
make a good appearance.
5. Andromeda mariana. Maryland^ orhroad^
leaved Andromeda.
Is a fhrub of low growth, having but a fmall ftem»
which is generally rctroflefted or bent from fide to
fide. The leaves are egg-fliaped, entire, broad, and
of pretty thick confiftence. The Seed-veflcls arc
larger than the other kinds, gaping at their tops.
6. Andromeda nitida. Ever-green Jhintng^
leaved Andromeda y or Carolinian Red-- buds.
(Bartram's Catalogue.)
This fhrub grows naturally in Carolina and Flori-
da, and may juilly be ranked among the mod beau-
tiful flowering.
The leaves are perennial, near three inches in
length and one in breadth, of a hard and firm tcx-
ture, lance-fhape, of a deep fliining, or gloflTy green
colour on both fides, placed by pretty long footftalks
alternately ujpon each fide of the branches, but in-
clining
( 9 )
dining to the upper fufe, and ftanding nearly ered.
The flowers are produced along the under fide of the
branc&es, in lon|^ one rowed racemi or bunches^
wbtcb as they arrive to their full growth change to a
damaik rofe colottn The under parts of the bunch-
es fomewbat refemble the cells of a honey<^omb»
diflfufing an agreeable fragrance, and affording a
delicious harveft to the boney*bee*
7. Androm£da plumata. Plumed Andromeda^
or Carolinian Jron-'nvood Tree.
(Bartram's CatalogueJ
Tht^ is alfo a foitthern beautiful fpecies of Andro-
meda; rifing to the height of fifteen or twenty feet,
and fending off towards the top> many fpreading and
nearly harizontahi>ranchcs«
The leaves are finally lanC€*fiiaped, and of a deep
gloffy green, but changing in Autumn before they
fall kM^ CO yellow, red, purple, &c« giving the trees
a beautiful s^)pearance, even in their decline. The
flowers are produced at the extremity of the branch-
es, in one«rowed racemes of bunches, they are very
fmall and perfedly white, foiacwhat refembling a
plume t^ delicate white feathers. This and thelaft
mentioned, grow naturally by the fides of ponds, and
iwamps, in Carolina and Florida.
A N N O N A.
PAPAW TREE, or CUSTARD APPLE.
Clafs 1 3. Order 7. Polyandria Polygynia.
THE EmpaUment Is three leaved and fmall: the leaves heart-
ihaped, concave, and iHarp-poineed.
The CofoUa is compofed of fix peeaU,. heart^ibaped and feffile
or fquat : the three alternate interior iefs. .
B The
( 10 )
The FUamems, fcarce: any. The ArOfhtm are very numerous,
fitting upcMi the fides of the Germen.
The Germen is fomewhat round, fitting upon a roundifli recept-
' acle. The Stales none. The Stigmas obtufe.
The Seed'veffel a very large berry or fruit, of an oval or oblong
- ihape, covered with a fmooth rind, and of ene cell.
The Stffif are feveral, hard, fliining, oblong, oval, (compref-
,. fed in fome fpecies) and placed in a. circle.
TheS]ftcic$ witb us are^
1. Annona glabra. Carolinian Sntaoth-barked
uinnona.
The bark is fmooth, the leaves broad, oval, but
narrowed towards the bafe. The fruit is large, yel-
low and fomewhat conical. This grows naturally in
Carolina.
2. Annona triloba, Pennfylvanian Triple-'
\ fruited Papaw.
This grows common in rich bottoms and by river
fides, in Pennfylvania. It rifes to the height of ten,
twelvcj and fometimes twenty feet, with but few
branches, garnifhed with pretty long large leaves,
narrowed toward the bafe and fmooth on their edges.
The flowers are folitary, and of a dark purple co-
lour \ they have fhort footftalks, which with the
flowcr-cup is covered with Ihort brown hairs or
down. The fruit is often found growing two or
three together, which loon falls off, becomes very
mellow. and turns of a yellow colour.
A R A L I A.
THE ANGELICA TREE-,
Clafs 5. Order 5. Pentandria Pentagyina^
Involucrum, which is very fmall, to the litcie globtil^
umbels.'
The
A",
( 11 )
> «
The Empolement is five-toqtbed, . very fmall^ and above.
The Corolla confifb of five petals, which are' ovate, acute, fa-
ille and reflexed.
The Filan^ents are five, awl-ihaped, and the length^of the co-
rolla. The Arahera are roundiffi.
TheGeffiien is roundifli and beneath. The ^ffies five, very ilibrt,
and permanent. The Stigmas fimple.
The Seed'veJJel a berry, roundifh, Rriated, crowned and five-
celled.
'}i\i€ Seeds are folitary, hard, and oblong..
f]&^ Species with w ate^
Aralia fpinofa. Virginian Angelica Tree.
This rifet with a thick woody ftem to the height
of ten or twelve feet,^ dividing into feveral branches,
which are gariiifhed with ramofe divaricated leaves,
placed alternately. The> flowers are produced in
large, loofe, compound umbels, at the extremity qf
the branches: they are of an herbaceous qolour, syid
are fucceeded by roundiih berries. o£ a purpliQi co-
lour when ripe. The ftem, branches, and footftalks
of the leaves are armed with ihpi^t ftirongTpines«'
arbutus:
THE STRAWBERRY TREE, or BEAR-BERRY.
Clafs I o. Order i • Decandria Monogynial
* * >
TH E EmpoHemm is five partjsd^ obtufe, ver]^ fmall and
permanent:
The CoroUa is one petalled, ovate, planifli at the b'afe; the bor-
der is five cleft; the divifions obtufe, revolute and fmall.
The FUaments 9xe ten^awi-beUied, very, (lender at the bafe,
half the length of the corolla, and affixed by the margin to
its bafe. The Antherte are (lightly two.cleft and nodding.
The Getmen is fomewhat globoie, fitt^g upon a receptacle
marked witb ten points. The Style is cylindrical and the
length of the corolla. The Stigma is thickiih and obtufe.
The Seed^vejfel 15 a berry, roundim and five celled*.
The Seeds are fmalL and bony.
the
m
fA^ Species mth lis atij
... Arbutv $ Uva urfi. The Bear^herry.
.: This grows naturally ia the Jerfcy^. It i{$ a low
trailing fhrub, dividing into many branches, clo&ly
fet with fmoothy thick, entire leaves, of an oval form.
The flowers arc ,j)roduccd in fmall bunches, ncs^r
the ends of the branches, and are Kicceeded by red
berries. This,baab<(en ufcd^i^b great fucccfs in
many calculous complaints^
«■*•..... . , .
A a LS T O L O C H I A.
"S I fe T a W JR. T.
' (I >•
Ciafs iO. Ortier 5. Gynandria' Hexagyttia.
TH E £wjf>a/^Wf nt 15 wantiqg*
The Cor(rf/a is of on^ petal, tubnlous apd irregulVif : the
' ^ajjf bellied, fiotn^hat gldbular^nd ]ir4>tiibefam: tbe t«ia«
. ol>l(Nig>. fix conMed qdimdficai : cSktt ^orirr dilated nxA ^'
tended benwth in :» l^g toiigii©, -
The Filaments arc wanting, The Anthers are iix adjoined un-
der the Stigmasy and four celled.
The Germen is oWong heneath and an^ed. The Style fcarce
gny. The ^(i^wa foni^hgt globular, fijc parted, and con-
tave.
The Seed'vejfel is a captule, which is large, hexagonal and fix
celled.
The Seeds are many, depreSed and incumbent.
Obff The Seed-vejfil varies In figure; in fome fpecies it is
i:0UBdii}i» m Ptber$ pblong.
She Species growing JkruHy^ with m^ is one^ viz.
Aristolochia frutefcens. JPenn/yliuinian
Shrubby Birtbnport.
This grows naturally near Fittfburg, in a rich fdil
and ihaded fituationj rifing with flirubby cylindri-
cal
f .
( '3 )
cal ftemS) ^kh tv^iae round any ntighboaring ftip*
port, and reach fometimes to the height of thir-
ty feet or more, fending off many long twining
branches* The leaves are large, entire, and heart-
ifaaped, of eight inches or more in length, and as
inueh in breadth, Handing upon thick llrong foot-
flalks. The flowers come out firtgWf or fomctimes
two together upon pretty long foot-ualks, which are
either terminal, or arife beneath the divifions of the
branches, each having a bra£tea or floraf leaf em-
bracing it near it3 bafe ; they confift of a long tube
^hich is very crooked and bellied towards the bafe,
but narrower towards the extremity^ and furniihed
with a border which at firft appears three lohc^d and
jtriaa:igular (in form of a cock'd hat,) but after be-
<:oipe& ipre^ing, plain and rouiifjiiih,. and together
with the interior ^extremity <^the tube, is finely .y$^-
ricgated with fppts or ftreaks* The Capfules or
S6e4-veffels are cylindrical fix^fided, of three or
lour inches in" length. and near one in diameter,
opening with fix fimires, and having f\s cells, filled
with heart-lhaped compreflfed feeds, with a falfe one
between each* This from its twining flems and
large leaves affords a fine fhady covering for an ar-
bour*
The roots hare an aromatic penetrating favour,
and are fuppofed to be equal in inectical virtues to
the fmall Virginian Snake«ro6t.
A S C Y R U M.
%
St. pet E R's W O R T-
Clafs 1 8. Order 3. Polyadelphia Polyandria.
TIJE Empalement is of four leaves; the exterior oppofitq axe
very itoall and Knear; the interior heart-lhaped, plane,
large, and ereft> and al'I permanent.
The
( 14 )
The.CtffoUdr is o£ four petals, ovate: the leiterlor o]^ofite
. largefty the interior lefs. .
The Filaments are numerous, briftly, flightly joined at the bafe
' into four pans. The Anthere are roundifli.
The Germen is oblong. . The 5*yle fcarce any. Tht Stigma
fimple.
TheSeed-veffel a Capfiil^, oblong, iharp pointed, and enclofed
by the larger leaves of the empalement.
The Seeds are numerous, imall and roundifli. '
«
The Species are^
r. AscYRUM Hypericoides. St. Peter^s Wort.
This is a fmall (hrubby plant, growing naturally
iti low mofft ground 9 and rifing with a few Sender
items to the height of about eighteen inches, hav-
ing fmall oppofite branches, which are femewhat
flatted. The leaves are fmall, oblong, fomewhait
wedge-fhape, placed oppofite, arid fitting clofe.
The flowers ate fparingly produced at the tops of
the ftalks, land have fomewhat the appearance of
thofe of St. Johh*s wort.
2 . As c Y R u M villofuna. Villofe St. PeterU ^voort.
This rifcs to the height of about three feet, with
ere£t flalks. The leaves ace oblong and hairy. The
flowers are produced at the tops of the ftalks, re-
fembling thofe of St. John's wort, but have only
four petals.
AZALEA.
UPRIGHT HONEY-SUCKLE.
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogynia.
THE Empi^emera is five parted, exeSt, acute> fmall, coloured
and permanent.
• :rhe
( «5 )
The Cofo//a is, monopetalous, bell-fliaped, and half five-cleft :
4he fide diviiions inflexed.
The FtUmeras are five, filiform', free, unequal in length, and
itiferted in the receptacle. The Antherm are limple.
The Germen is roundift. The Style filiform, the length of the
. corolla and permanent. The Stigma is obtufe.
The Seed'vejfel is a Capfule, roundifli, five cell'd, and five
valv*d.
The Seeds are fever al, roundifh.
Ohf, The figure of the petal in fome Species is funnel form,
in others bell-fliaped ; the (lamina in fome are alfo very long
and declined.
The Species wiib us^ are,
I . Az A LEA nudiflora. Red^-flowered Azalea.
This grows mod common upon a moift, clayey^
gravelly foil, rifing from two or three, to five or fix
feet in height. The leaves arc produced in clufters
at the extremity of the branches; they are oblong,
inverfe, egg-ihaped, and a little hairy upon their
edges and midribs underneath. The flowers arc
produced early in the fpring before the leaves are
expanded, in heads or clufters at the ends of the
ftalks and chief branches, of a red colour, and hairy,
with very Ipng red ftamina. There is great variety
in the coloxir of the flowers, from red to almoft
white.
2. Azalea vifcofa; White fweei Azalea.
This grows naturally in. rich rocky places, near
ftreams of water; rifing to the height of five or fix
feet. The leaves are much fmaller and of a paler
green colour than thofe of the red flowered, other-
wife refembling them. The flowers are produced
after the leaves are fully expanded, (about harveft
tnne ;) tbcy are white, hairy and clammy, and have
the fragrance of the honey-fuckle.
3. Azalea
( i6 )
3. AzalSa vifcofli paluftm.. Swamp MaluL
This is a variety of the white kmd, growing iia"
turally in wet low ground. It is of lower growth^
with leaves rough and clammy at their fiifl: appear-
ance. The flowers are white, but not fo fwcct as the
former. There is alfo fomc other varieties diflFering
fomewhat in the difpofition or appearance of their
flowers, &c.
BACCHARIS.
»
PLOWMAN'S SPIKENARD.
* ■ •
Clafs 19, Order 2. Syngenefia Polygamia
Superflua.
THE Ctmmm Calyx is cyiiackical, and imbricated: the Scales
linear and acute.
The Compound CoroUa, is equal with Fhretf Hermaphrodite and
Female mixed. ' ' \
The Proper of the hermaphrodite Is ftinnel-fbrni ind five cfcft.
— — ™— of the female fcarce manifeft, or almofl none.
The Filamems of the hermaphrodite are five, capillary and very
Cmall. The Anthers cylindrical and tubuious.
The Germen of the hermaphrodite is ovate. The Style filiform
and the length of the flower. The Stigwia is bifid or tw6
cleft.
Of the female very like the hermaphrodite.
The Seed-veJJel none, but the calyx changed.
The Seeds of the hermaphrodite and female much alike, folita-
ry, very fiiort> and oblong. The Fappus fimple.
The Receptacle U naked.
t • •
The Species an^
Bacchahis halimifolia. Firginian Groun^l
Tr€€.
It rifcs to the height of fix ot eight feet, ifending
out niany ereft branched) garailbcd with leaver
which
if?)
ix^bich are fomewhat ovate, and a little toothed above,
continuing green faoft df tUs year. The flowera are
produced at the extremity of the branches, and are
of a yellowilh irtiifc ColiJuh
B E R b E R I S.
The B A R B B k R Y • B U S H.
G!^s 6. Otdtr t. MeMttidria Mttnogyiiia.
^H£ SmpMimeni H f?i^ l«srve!d jiisd'^#e»di]%; tBe leaves ovate^
-^ narrower at the Mfe, cbdcave> tbe altefnitte lefs, coloHi:
ed, and ikicktei^i^.
The Cordla is of fik pi^&ils, wMch aris'routidift, concave, feme-
whae fpreadihg, and fcarce Targer thib the calyt.
A NeBdrium of two cofpades, touodfih, cdlouri^d and affixed
to tbe bafe of each fuecal.
The Filaments are! fix, ereft, cdnipreiftd and obtofe. Tiro ^-
thefa are joined to the top df each'fiiaaieiit.
The Germen is cj^Undrical a^ the length df the Itamina. The
Style is wanting. The Stigma is orbf cuiaee, btoader than the
germen, and farrounded bjr an ^ote Qlar<gin.
The Seed'Vtffel is a berry, which is cyHodrical, dbtufe and of
one cell. •
The Seeds are two, oblong, cylindricai afad obtilfe.
The Species are^
B£RB£RRis canadien&. Tbe Canadian Bar-^
berry.
This gro^s naturally in Canada, and fonliewhat
refembles the European Barberry, ekcept the leare^
being much Shorter and broader, and the fruit, when
ripe, of a black Colour. There is alfo a kind of
l^rberry growing upon New- River in Virginia, bear-
ing red berries, of which 1 have feen one fmall
plant.
C BETULA.
« .» •
( 18 )
B E T U L A.
The B I R C H-T R E E.
Clafs 21. Order 4. Monoecia TetrandJria.
*TrHE Male flowers are difpofed in a cylindrical Katkin.
^ The Cdljx^ 1^ a common Katkin, imbricated on all Odes,
loofe and cylindrical; compofed of trifiorous Scales, to
, : .each of which, two. very minute fcales are placed a( the
fides.
ThG Cmpmnd CwMi confifts of three flc^ets, equal, and affix-
ed to the.difk of each^cale of the Katkin.
The Proper is monopetalous, four-parted, fpreading, and
fmall: (be dlvifioas obtufe a:nd egg^fliaped.
The Fiiameras ^e four, very fmall. The Jntherce are twin. ,
* The Female flowers arc difpofed in Katkins on the fame plant.
The Cdyx is a common Katkin, imbricated : with three fcales
every where oppofed, a:ffixed to the rachis, heart fliaped with
a point, biflorous, a little, divided by a pointed body in the
,]bpfom towards the»tQp, concave, and ihort.
The -CoroWa none. manifeft.
The Germen proper, is ovate, very (malh The Stales are two,
' .bl:ifljy, and the length of the fcales. The Stigmas Ample.
The Seed-veJJel none. The Katkin embracing the feeds of two
florets under each fcale.
The Seeds are folitary and ovate.
The Species with us are^
I. Betula nigra. Blacky or Sweets-Birch^ *■
This becomes a large tree, often rifing t^ the height .
of fifty or fixty feetj^ and fending off many branches.
The leaves arc cgg-lhapcd and doubly or irregularly
fcrrated, the fmall ferratures are clofe, the larger
more remote; their footftalks are villofe. Thefmil
branches jarc alfo covered with down. The natives
often make their canoes of the bark of this tree.
2. Betula
( 19 )
2. Be TULA lenta. Ited Birch.
This grows to a pretty large fize, fprcading into
many flender pliable branches. The leaves are
fmoothi heart-fhaped, oblong, fharp-pointed, and
finely and (lightly fawed on their edges. ^
3, Betula papyrifera. White Paper Birch.
This is a variety of the laft^ growing to a mid-
dling fize and pretty much refembling it, except in
liaving a very white fmooth bark.
4. B£TULA populifolia. Afpen-kaved Birch.
This is alfo a variety of the fecond, and grows
naturally in the Jerfeys, and other eaftem ftates, be-
coming a pretty tall tree, and covered with a white
bark. The leaves are fomewhat triangular, Tike
thofe of the Afpen tree, but terminating in a long"
acute point; they are doubly ferrated, fbinding up^
on long flender tootftalks, and are put in motion by
the flighted breeze of wind.
5. Betula humilis. Dwarf Birch.
This is alfo a variety of t)ie fecond kLin^9 of alQW
and dwarfifli growth.
B E T U L A - A L N U S.
• 1 r , • . .
1 • ' • .
> The A L D E R T R E E. •
TH E Charaders are the fame of the Betula^. except the
Seed-veffel beiog a rottndifli cone.
The Species are^
I. BSTVJbA
( 2d )
>
Thij grows natutally in low marfliy grpiln4, and^
Ircquentiy rifcs to the height of ten or^plrc feet.
- 1
2, P.E^ULA-AtNVS maritim*. ^ea-J4cM4er.
Xtis grows ^o th^ height of thie? forn^r. The
^?av^&slrclQngap4^^rro,w. The katk^inf ire ^m^
rally in bloom in Ajjiguft^, af which Utx^e the f^atq
cone or fced-veffel fcts, but don't grow to perfc£iion
tiU the next fu^ifflcr. ^ ;
. ^ ■ - « • • » . .' .
3» Bbtula-Alnu^ Tutwpa. Common Alder.
f, ■ • y
Tl^is groijrs yery coipijjpii in ?ipft parts of i^^pp-
fyjf^ni^ The lef^cs arc braa4er tijiaq ^e pth^jt
kinds* Md rpf^'^oi: wripklcifi. T)?k flQ]»^i!^,iQ,(!hc
Jjpring^ land perie^ its fee4« ia^4^ faU.
BIG Nam I A.
€la& z 4« Order t . Bid^timia Angk>fpermia.
• • • • •
TpHE Empalemem is of one leaf, ereft, cup- form, and five-
-■• cleft. . ^
The Corofla is monopetalotis, and boH-fHaped. Tbe^ube very
ffflall and the length of the calyx. The chaps very Ioiig>
bellied underneath, ai^d of jn o^oqe t^ell-flifipe. The bor-
der is five parted; the two fuperioT divifions reflexed; the
inferioir fpreading.
Tbe RlmiMs are four, awl^:fli^pfi<l ^^ ^pMt tln^.tkexxir^^-
la, of which two are longer than the refl. The Jnthera ar^
reflexed, oblong, and gs if doubled.
The Gertnen is oblongl The Style thread-form, of the fituation
tmd ffiape of the ftamina. The Stigma is beaded.
— Tho
I
t
( ff )
• * •
The Seei-veffel U a ffliqua or pod, of two cells and two ral^$«
TbeSfitf4f-are pretty nmnT» tabrictted» co^iMW, -and bmiof
^ membraii^ceoiis wing*
Oiff, The Catalpa delights in oijly two p^rfe& ftamina, ^n4
tHx^e imperfedt rudiments, with a pentapbyllous caly^x.
-The Species are^
.1. BiGNoNiA Catalpa. The Catalpa-Tres'.
Tltiis rifcs to the height of* twelve or fifteen feet,
wttft a ftrong ftcm, dividing fnt6 feveral bratiche^^
which are garniflied with large beart^ihaped leaves,
plac;^d oppqfitis at each joint. The flowers arc pro-
duced in large branching p^^icles, at the ends of the;
branches; of a dirty white colour, with a few purple
fpots, and faint ftr4pe^ of yfUow on theinfide; and
waved on their edges : they are fucceeded by very
long flender pods, liUed-with flat winged feeds. Tying
ov^iP sajh fitbcf likq the^ fca^s oC i ftftj, • . . j ,
2. BiGNONiA crucigera. Crofsrvini^,,, *
This rifcs witft flcntJcr ttaifing ftaHcs, which in\jft:
tip fi^pported,^ ^ require the ^(fiftance of a \\4K ^^4
at good aj^ft^ bemg tmpatioi^t olF m^cb ^Id*. The
brftnofacs ate clothed with oblong lesves ' remaifi^
ing green all the year. The flowers arc orodqced^ at
the yiijjifl of the reaves,, ftaped ipu(;h li)ce tbofc of
lhe.'Fo?Tglei^?i ^»4 we pf ? yclloT^f colour..
3. BiGNoNiA radicans. Climing Trumpet"
' ■ Ftonver.
This^kind; when old, hatj^ large rough ftems,
which fend out many trailing branches, putting out
xioots a$ tbeic joints, tberebyj attaching tbetnfelves^ to
any neighkoiMii^ fupport^ andirii^Dg fcmetimesto
the
( « )
tli« :b€igbt of forty or fifty feet. The biimches are
gan^tihed.i^ith iiriiiged teciires placed oppofile) ^hkb:
^rc generally compofed of four pair t>f frf(al^!l<ft?tfej^,
terminated by an odd one. The flowers Siifc prodtio.
cd at the ends of the flioots of the fame year, hi large
bunches; they have long fuelling tubes, ihftj^d
fomewhat like a tfrumpet, and are of an orange co-
lour, inclining to red ; and fiicceeded by large pods
full of iRrihged feeds*
. - *- * . •• •
4, BiiGf NO N I A fempervirens. Ever-green Big-^
■ } i ' nanm^ or Tellow Jafmine; ^
" This kind refembles the fccond fo much as to re-
quire ^o further defcription.
' C A L LI C A R P A.
- , C A L L i C A R P\A. ;. \ * %
Clafs 4, Order i. Tetraiidria Monogynia,
'T'HE Empakmera is of one leaf, bell-fliaped: at the mouth
"*■ four-parted and ereft.
Thp .Corolia-is of.t)ne petaj, tubdoos: The border four-clefc,
, obtufe and fpreading. »
the' FUamenis ai^e four^ thread-form, twice the length of the
*: 'fciroJla. The Annhetit ovate and incumbent * ' j . - ^ .
TAi^G^fj^m l8']*pimdift. .IhQSt^ thread form, thideet aboveu
The Stigmik thickifli and obtufe. ' . r ' ^ : "
The Seed-yefel is a berry, globofe and fmbotk - ' . , . ' " .
The Seeds are four, fipall, callous, oval, compreflfed, fome-
what convex on one fide, but a little hallowed a»if ekten otr
the other.
There is but one Species of ibis GenttSy viz.
Callicarpa arnericanav Carolinian Shrubby
CallicarpOk
This Ihrub rifcs firom three to five feet hi^^ iwith
but ilender ftems, fendrng out many branches from,
the
( ^3 )
the fi^^&f which are wooly ,or downy when young,
gsuH^ed with oval» fpeav-iha|>ed leaves, placed op-
pofi^c on pnetty long footftalks. The flowers come
out 'in whorls round the (talks, fitting very clofe;
they; ^e fmall and tubulous, cut into four obtufe
fegments at the top, which e^and and are of a deep
purple colour ; thefe jar^ fucceeded by foft fucculent
bcrrie^^ which are of a deep purple colour when full
ripe, each enclofing four hard feeds. This is a na-
tive of Carolina and will not endure much cold.
C A L Y C A N T H U S.
CAROLINIAN ALLSPICE.
Clafs 12, Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia.
n^HE Calyx is of oneleaf^ thickened, fquarrofe, fomewhat
■*• top-fliaped, truncated, almoft clofed above; and perma-
nent.
The Corolla is cotnpofed of many leaves, which are oblongs
coloured, of thick and fieihy confidence, longer than the
calyx, fdmewhat fpreading, but chiefly lightly incurved their
whole length; inferted in the truncated margin of the calyx,
difjpofed in feveral feries or rows circularly, of unequal
length and deciduous.
The Filaments are many, fhort, awl-fliaped and inferted in the
top of the calyx; the exterior of which, have oblong fur-
rowed Anthem adjoined to their apei; the Interior barren
and cloilng the calyx.
The Germen are many, oblong, villofe, and hid within the calyx.
The Styles many, joined in a medullary column and protrud-
ing In the center of the barren filaments, which ferve for
its defence.
The Seed-yeQel nonfi but the calyx, thickened, much enlarged,
berry* d, and fomewhat inverfe egg-fhaped.
Thc^Se^ are many, oval, fomewhat villofe, and furrounded
iohgitudinatly with a future.
' We fyh;e ¥ut tme Species of this Genusy viz.
Calycanthus
i H )
Calycakthus floridus. Carolinian Alf/pi€S.
This delightful fwcet-fcented (hrut), grows natural-
ly in Carclinia, and rifes from four to fix or eight feet
high, fending out many fmalt branches, whiich are
placed oppofite and garnifhed with oval entire leaves;
which are likcwifc oppofite. The (lowers are pro-
duced fingly, at the extremities of the fame yearns
ihoots; they are of a fuUen or dark purple colour,
and when fomewhat expanded, diflfufe to a consider-
able diftance, a very agreeable fcent, fcarcely diftin-
guifliable from that of ripe ftrawbcrries. It flowers
in May, and by fucceffion till almoft harveft* The
flowers arc fucceeded by large, f6mewhat oval,
rough, fwelling capfules, of two inches or more in
length, and one in diameter, containing maby oval
brown feedsi^
C A R P I N U S.
The H O R N B E A M - T R E E.
Chfs 21. Order 8. Monoecia Polyaiidria. .
♦ 'ir*HE MaU flowers ate difpofed in a cylindrical Katkiti.
•*• The Calp It a coinmon Katkin loofely imbricated on all
Me^: c'orfipbfed of fcales "^hich are uriiflorous, ova^e,
concave, acute, and ciliated.
The CwoM is none.
The Fildments i)[t Tot the rildft part ten, very fmaft. The Aip^
third are twin, comptellfed, viltofe at the iapcx, and two
valved.
♦ The Female Flowers are dilpttfed In a Tohg Katkin, on the (ami
plant.
The Ccd^x is a coftimoii K'atkin ioofeiy imbricated, confifthig of
Scales which are lance- fliaped, villofe, reflexed at the apex^
and one flowered.
The Corolla is cap-form, of one leaf, Gx cleft, witfa.two dlvi-
fions larger.
The
( <»l )
TbeGi^niien are two, very ihort, oacb having two Styles^ whicH
are long, capillary an4 coloured. The Stigmas are fimple.
The Seed-veffel none. The Kackin being enlarged and contain-'
ing a feed at the bafeof each fcale.
The S^i is a nat» ovate and angled.
O/^ The feeds of the Carpinus Betulus are contained within
the b,ftf/?oJE ^e GojDiC^^ye .(;ialyci^c fcale ^Jbiitjrfitbe Ofcry a with-
in the inflated fcale.
^e Species are^ with us^
!• Carpinw Setuius vii:^aiana. American
Hornbeam.
iThia grows common by jnoft [o( pv^r riv<cr ;auid
mi^M^9 TAfvigmth^&ffmg^ wmiy^ iomewbart
angular item, to the height of ten or ^een feet;
fpreading into many branches, with ova), pointed
leaves, fawcd on their edges. The flowers arc pro-
duced at tb; ends 9f ihe yod^g Aioots, in loofe^ leaffy
katkins, anH are fucceeded by fmall, hard^ angular
fce^s.
2. Carpinus Oftrya. The Hop^Hornbeam.
* •
/r^iijtcpe ^oft^n grows larger and more upright
iH^^n ttic for^niet, the wapd is tougher^ the brancACs
ip^fixmd more craft. The leaves fomewbs^t reiTein''
ble tbofe of the £Jm. The male katkins are pro-
duced ,at jthe extremity of die branches, they are
fet tjtie jprcceding &11, and remain all winten The
temaleilQW^eTS are produced in inflated ch^afiy katkins,
mu^ ccfembUng a bop, ixom whence it ac<}uired
its name. There is a variety of this called the Vir^
ginian fiowering Hop^Hornbeam^ which I l\ave npt
Iccn.
CASSINE.
D
\
(
( ^6 )
C A S S I N E.
CASSINE, or^OUTH-SEA TEA-TREE.
Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia.
^HE Empalement is five-parted, beneath, very finall, obtufc^
-■• and permanent.
The CwoUa is five-parted and fpreading ; the divifions arefome'
what ovate, obtufe^ and larger than the calyx.
The filaments are five^ awl-fhaped and fpreading. ThQAntheiw
are fimple.
The Germen Is above and conical* The Style none. The Stig'
mas three, reflexed and dbtufe.
The Seed-njfel is a berry, roundifli, three-ceird and ambilicated
with the Stigmas.
The Seeds are folitary and fomewhat ov^te.
^e Species are^
Gassine Faragua. Ever 'green Caffine^ Tapon^ or
South-Sea Tea-iree.
This gro^s if&turally in Carolina and feme parts of
Virginia, but chiefly near the fea; and rifes to the
height o( ten or twelve feet, fending out branches
from the ground upward, garnifhed with Ever-green
^ear-{hapcd leaves, placed alternately : they are of
a deep green colour, of a thick confidence and a
little notched on their edges. The flowers arc pro-
duced in clofe whorls, round the branches, at the
footftalks of the leaves ; they are white, and arc
fucceeded by red berries, with three cells, each con-
taining a fingle fee3«
CEANOTHUS.
( 27 )
CEANOTHUS.
The NEW-JERSEY TEA-TREE.
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogynia.
n^HE Empalemera is of one leaf, top-ihaped: the border is
^ five-paHedy acute, and incurved ; and permanenL
The CmUa is compofed of five petals, equal, roundiili, hook-
facked, compreifed, very obtufe, fpreading, lefs than the
calyx, with claws the length of the petal, rifing from the in-
ciiions of the calyx.
The Filaments are five, awl-ihaped, eredt, oppofite to the pe-
tals, and longer than the corolla. The Anthers are rouhdifh.
The Gefmen is three cornered. The Style is cylindrical, half
three-cleft, and the length of the Stamina. The Stigma ob-
tufe.
The Seed-yeffil is a berry, which is dry, three fruited, threg-
ceird, obtufe, and fet with tubercles.
The Seeds ^e folitary and ovate.
The Species with us^ but one^ viz.
Cbanothus americanus. Jmerican Ceanothus^ qt
New'Jerfey TeO'iree.
This is a low fhrub, growing common in mod
parts of North America; feldom rifing above four or
five feet high, and fending out branches on every
fide from the ground upward, which are garnifiied
ixrith oval, pointed leaves, havine three longitudinal
veins, running from the foot-ftalk to the point, di-
verging from each other in the middle; they are
placed oppofite, and are of a light green colour*
The flowers arc produced at the extremity of the
{boots, in a clofe kind of T}>jrfus; they are of a
white colour and when in bloom make a fine appear-
ance. A decodion of the roots of this fhrub is
efteemed a certain cure, not only in flight Gonor-
rhoea's,
( 28 )
rhsea's, which it ftops In two or three days, without
any bad confequehces ; But alfd in the moft invete-
rate Venereal complaints. The leaves are dried and
ufed by fome as a fubftitute for Bohea Tea, from
which it acquired its name.
CELA8TRUS.
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogynia.
npHB Empniemerif is of one leaf, half-fife defc^ plane, and
^ vdry f&all : the diviOons ar^ obtttfe and unequal.
The Qwv^tf ha^ five petals^ ovate^ fpreadi^g^ fefllle» equal aiti
refiexed at their margins.
The Filammi ate five, awl-Aaped and the length of the corolla.
The Anthers are very filwlL
The Gertnen is very fmall, immerfedln the recep^ade, which is
large, plane, and marked with ten flreaks. The%/e is awl-
ihaped and fliorter than the (lamina^ The StigtM is obtufe,
and three-cleft.
The Seed-vejfel is a Capfule, coloured, ovate, obtufely tbrec-
cortiered, gibbous, th^ee celi*d^ ahd tht^e Valv'd.
The Seeds are few, ovace, coloured, fmototh, and half covered
with an Arillus, four parted at the mouth, unequal and co-
loured.
The Species tut one^ wih us^ viz.
CiSirASTftus fcandens. Ametkan Climing Siaff^tlree.
This gro^s naturally in many parts of North-
America^ riiii^g with a twining woody ftem to the
height of ten or fifteen f^et when fupported, fend^
ing out many flender flexible branchcsi cloathed
with oblong j^nted leaves, a little fawed on their
edges. The flowers come out from the fides di the
branches in loofc l>unches; they arc of an herbace*
( ^9 )
ott» eokur^ and are fiiccdeddl by rcaiDdiih dtree*^
cornered cafrfbles^ of a pak, oar ydlbvifli fed C9*
Ictwt frtien tipt y, %&icb fjprread crpeu iit riifeci partly
difeMkii; tilcdr feieds a&cr the matiUrr of die SpniK
die Tree. Tbcr fiocds anrd baurd, o^ and covered
with a thin tkA pulp. It mahes a vevy fine appear-
ance wbeit covered with npe fruit«
C E L T I S.
The NBtrLE^TREfe
Clafs %i. Ordei? i . Polygamii Monoecia.
''^'T^HE Hermapfdke flowers are folitary and feperior:
^ The £m/>a/effieftf is bne-Ieafed, and five-parted; thedivl-
(lons ovate, fpreading and withering.
The CwolU is wanting.
The Filaments are five, very ftort, bid by the Antherae, but after
tM difcharge of thb farina^ longer. Tbe AtithMt are obiodg^
thickiih, quadranguliif, and foar-fbrrowed.
The Qimen is ovat6, iharp-pointed) and the t«»gth of csift.
The 5ryw are two, fpreading, variouiiy infletcd, awl-fhaped^
vtt^ long^ and downy on all lides. The Siigims are fimpte.
The Seed-yejfel is a drupe, roundifli and of one cell.
The Sied ii a nut, which Is roundiiK.
♦The Male flowers are In the ffirtie plant, and inferior.
The Empakment is (iX-pirted, othcrwifc as the Hermaphrodite.
The Corolla is wanting.
The Filaments are as in the Hermaphrodite.
The Species with m^ hut one^ viz*
Celtis occidentalism American TiUow^/ruited
het tie- tree.
This grows naturally in many parts of North*
America* It delights in a rich^ moiil ibil, in which
it becoines a large tree^ rifmg with a ftraight ftem^
the bark of which^ in young trees,. ia fometitnei
fmooth
( 30 )
fmooth and of a dark colour^ but as they advance
becomes roug^r and of a lighter colour. The
branches are fet thick on every fide, and garniihed
with oblique oval leayes, ending in points- and fish-
ed on their edges. The flowers come out oppofite
to the leaves, upon pretty long footftalks ; they are
fmall and make but little appearance, and are fuc-
ceeded by round, hard berries, about the fize of a
fmall pea, of a yellow colour and fweet tafte when
TipCf The juice of the fruit is faid to be aftringent
and to give eafe in violent Dyfenteries*
CEPHALANTHUS.
The BUTTON-TREE.
Clafs 4. Order i . Tetrandria Monogynia.
THE Qmnm Empalement is nooe> but a globofe receptacle,
collecting many florets into a little head.
The Proper E^mpdement is one leaved, funnel«form and angular ;
the border four-cleft.
The IJwveM CoroHa i^ equal The Proper of one petal, funnel-
form and acute,
The Filameras are four, inferted in the corolla, and fliorter than
the border. The Anthere are globofe.
The Getfuen is beneath. The St^le longer than the corolla.
The Stigma globofe.
The SeeiheJJei none.
The Seeds are folitary, long, lefibned at the bafe, pyramidal and
wooly.
The Common Receptacle is round and villofe.
The Species but one^ viz.
CfiPHALAKTiius occidentalis. BuUQti'tree^
j^his ihrub grows pretty common by creek fides
and ppndsy rifing to the height of fix or eight feet;
gro^iring very crooked, and fending out feveral
branches,^
( 31 )
^ branches^ ^htch grow oppofite. The leaves are al«
fo placed oppofite and often, upon Toung (hoots, by
three's ; they are near three inches long and one and
a quarter broad, having a ftrong vein running lon-
gitudinally through them, they are of a light green
and their footftalks change to a reddifli colour next
the branches. The branches are terminated with
globular heads, compofed of many fmall flowers, of
a whitifli colcmr.
C E R C I S.
The J U D A S TREE.
Clafs I o. Order i . Decandria Monogynia«
'T'HE Empitkf^ent is of one leaf, very fliort, bell-fliaped, gib-
-*- bous beneath* and melliferous: the mouth is iSve toothed*
ere6t and obtufe.
The Corolla is ten |)ecard» inferted ia the calyx* and counterfeit-
ing a papilionaccdus corolla.
The Wings, are two petals* bent back* and affixed by long
claws. .
The Standard, one petal* roundiih, clawed, under and fhort-
cr than the wings.
The Keel, two petals* Joining in a heart-Aaped figure* in-
cluding the parts of frufllfication and affixed by claws.
The Ne&ariumy a gland* Hyle form* under the germen.
The Filaments are ten, diilin£t* awKlhaped, declined, of which
four are longer; and covered. The Anthera are oblong* in-
cumbent* andarifing.
The Germen is linear-lanced and pedicePd. The Style is pf the
length and fituation of the (lamina. The Stigma is obtufe
and arifing.
The Se^d'vejjel is a ilegumen or ppd* which is oblong* acute*
oblique pointed* and of one celt.
The Seeds are feveral* roundi^ and joined to the fuperiot fu-
ture.
^e J^ecies wifb usy but oncy viz.
Cercis
( 32 )
Cekcis canadenfis. Kt^d-hudy or Judas Tr^n^
This grows naturally in fcrcrfil parts of North-
Amcfica, irifing to Ac height of ten or fiCteen feet,
with a pretty ftrong truiA cpvcwrf with a d^ikift
<!oloured bark^ -dividmg upwards into fcveral 'irregu-
lar "branehes, furwflied wMi heart-fhaped leaves,
fmooth upon their «ppcr iurfaee and .edgcs^ \^ a
little downy underneath, having pretty long foot-
ftalks. The flowers come out upon the branches
upon all fides, many arifing from the fame point,
with fhort footftalks; they are of a fine red colour
and coming out before <the leavea, make a beautiful
appearance. There is faid to be a variety of this in
GacoMna,^ wi& ikudl flowers.
C H I O N A N T Ji tJ S.
The SNO W-DROP, or FJlJ[J!J,O.JE TRE?.
Clafe 2. Order i* Diandria Monogy«iia.
THE Empalemem is of one leaf, foartparced, .eeeCb, iharp-
• pQjJioed iSnd .peDmaneot;.
The^Cofo^ is .one-petaPd and iimnel-fbHn. S'-heetflbf is very
ihoit. fpreading* ^and Che length .•of fihc ca^lx. l^ht border
with four divilionSy wbiah are linear, .eteft, aoite, .oi)Uqtte,
^d very* long.
The Filaments are two, very fhort, aQil-dhapedandsiftfevt^d in
thp tube.- The ^uAdfir '^rerheen-ifliaped, andereft.
-tFhe.'G^mwfi is ovate. 8ihe Styk Jfimple and <che kngltiof the
calyx. The Stigma is obtufe and three-deft.
*trbe A^-^^/ is a dvupe, loundlflKff oval •and^pf -one cell.
The Seed a firiated nut.
Obf. IFhe number of .(lamina .is .often Abcee or ifoiur.
We have .bMt one .S^scics in America:, viz.
Chionanthus
■0.
( 33 )
Chion A It THua yirginica. Virginian Sncw-drop frei^
This ihrub grows naturally in feveral pkces ill
North America^ in a moift foil \ riilng to the height
of fifteen or twenty feet, fpreading into many branch-
es, covered with a light coloured bark, llie leaves
are large, oblong and entire, placed nearly oppoiite.
The flowers are produced towards the extremity oi
the (hoots of the former year, upon ihort, leaffy,
common footstalks; at the boiom of the leaves of
which, the proper footftalks Come out, and are divid-
ed for the moft part into three parts, but ofcen more ;
each fuftaining one fmall flower, with four very long,
narrow, white petals ; which, when fully grown, make
a beautiful appearance : thefe are fucceeded by oval
berries, of a livid blackilh colour when ripe, each
containing one hard, oblong, pointed feed. The
bark of the root of this ihrub, bruifed and applied
to frefh wounds, is accounted by the natives a fpeci-
fic, in healing Uiem without fuppuration.
C L E T H R A.
C L E T H R A.
Clafs 10. Order i. t)ecandria Monogyma.
THE Empaltment is of one leaf, five-parted ; the leaves are
ovate, concave, ereft and permanentk
The Corolla confifls of, five petals, oblong, broader without, a
little fpi^ading, and longer than the calyx.
The Filameras are ten, awl-fhaped, and the length of the corol-
la. The Anthera oblong-ereA, gaping at the apex.
The German is roundifh. The St^le is thread-form, ereft, per-
manent, and increafing. The Stigma is three-cleft.
TheJ^eed-veffel is a capfule, toundiih, covered With the calyx,
three-ceird and three-valv'd.
The Setds are many ajid angled.
E There
1
( 34 )
' the^e h Bill Me SptticS «^ ihhOenUsy viz. • '
Cle^thra alnifolia. Alder ka%^ed Ckthm:-
This fiinit) grows coihihbni in Maryland, Virginia,
arid Ciardlina, in ihoift ground arid by rivulets; rif-
ing to. the height of fii or eight feet, dividing iritp^
many branches, clothed with wedge-ihape. oval, vein-
ed leaves, fawed bit their edges, refcmbling tliofe
of the Alder but longer; which are placed alternate-
ly. I'he flowers are produced zi the extremity of
the brarichesj^ in long clofe bunches; they are of a
t^hite colour, arid whieri iri full bloom make a very
firie appearance. .
C 6 R N u ^,
the CORNEL, oi DOGBERRY- TREE.
Clafs 4. Order 1 . Tetrandria Monogy nia.
'X'HE Cal^x confifts of 2Ln Innlucrum of four leaves, manj^
-*- flowered ; the leaves ovate, coloured, and deciduous ; the
oppolite interior fomevrhae longer and narrower.
An Empalemera, very fmall, four- toothed, above and de-
ciduous.
The CoroUi confifts of fdar petals, oblong, acute^ plane, aiid
fmaller than the Involucrum.
The Fitaments are foiir, awl-fliaped, ereA, and longer than the
corolla. The Avithens zrt roundiflt and infcuttibent.
The Gemen is rbundlih and beneath. The Style filiforni and
the length of the corolla. The Stigma is obtufe.
Thd Seed-veJlJel is a drupe, or ftone-fl-uit, rouridifh and umbili-
cated.
^ Thd Seedy a nut, heart-fhaped, or oblong, and two cell'd.
Obf. The Involucrum is wanting in mbft of our Species.
TAe Species are^ tOifb usy
I. CORNUS
< S5 )
1. CoRNUs alterna. Afternate branched^ or
. Fejnale Vlrgirfiqn Poj^woofl. .
This grows Jo the heigl^t of twelve or fifteen feet,
. dividing tipwards into many branches, Which at'c
covered with batk of ^ ftriatcd or ftfcakcd appearr
aricc. The Tmall branches are placed ahcrijatCj
bendip^ ^^t each divifion. The leaves are entire^
oval, iharp-pointed. and njuch vdned. Tiie flowers
are produced in ciufters at the extremity of the
branches, and are facceeded by roundifii berries of a
dark purple coknir when ripe. The fm;dl branchjes
being alternate, afford a diftiaguiihing mark for this
fpecies.
2. CoRNUS candidiffim?/ Swc^tftp American
''''Dogwood.' . ■■ ,
This frrub grows to the Mghl^ fix or eigfet feet,
moftly in mbift or fwampy plac^^s ; and is covered
with a whitifii bark. The branches are placed oppo*
fite, and alfo the leaves, which are lance-ihaped
and pointed, and of a whitrfli colour* The flowers
are produced at the extremity of the branches, in
ciufters, and are fucceeded by whitiih fucculent ber-
ries.
3. CuRNtfs florida. Male Virginim Dogwood.
This rifcs with a ftrong ftem^o the height rf twelve
or fifteen feet, dividing into many fpreading branch-
es, which arc fomctimes plaped bppofite, biit often
hj four's, arifmg from oppofifrc points ^n,(J regularly
difppled. The leaves are oy^I, {tpigt^^* veiled and
CAthv* The flowers are produced at the extremity
of the fmall branches, in ciufters j having a common
involucrum
< 3M
iovoluctum of four Iftrge white Jeayes, which are
generally end-bitten and a little coloured at their
extremities, and one oppbfite pair, rather longer and
narrower than the x^ther. The flowers within are
fupceeded by oblong, red berries. This flowers in
May and is defervedly ranked amoi)gft the beautiful
flowering fhrubs. The bark of this kind has been
ufed with fome fuccefs as a fubftitutefor the Pero^
yhn Bark. And to its top, regular difpofed ihopts,
our fpinfters are often indebted for their diftaffs. •
-> . J* ft
1 »* -1 •
This grows in a moift foil, to the height of eight
or ten feet, generally many ftecpys arifing from i tkc
fame root. The bark of the young fhoots is very
fmooth, and of a beautiful dark red colour. The
branches ar« placed oppofite^ afid alfo the leaves,
which muich refemble thefiril and third kinds above
defcribed* The flowers are produced in clufters at
the ends of the branches, of a whitifh colour; and
^re fucceeded by fuccui^nt berries of a bluifli colour
Vfhcnripf,. ,
C G R Y L U S.
The HAZEL, or NUT-TRER
Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria* .
♦T^HE Male flowers are difpofed in a long Katkin. .
•^ The Calyx, a commoji Katkin, imbricated on all fides, ^nd
cylindrical; confiding of Scales, which are uniflorous,
narrowed at the bafe, at the apex broader, more ob-
tufe, infie^Eed and three-cleft: the middle divifions of
equal length;, but ^ice thie width of and covering the
. reft.
The
4,
4. Corn US fanguinea. Amnican Red^rod h
Comus. -
( 37 )
TheCoroUahvrintifig: - ' • .•• y- • /;
The Fikmeras are eighty verjr (hfitti joined to the interklr 06o
of the calycine fcale. The Anthera are oblong-ovate, fhort;
er than the calyx, and eredt.
* The Female flowers are remote, from the Male in the fame
plant, fitting doCe and fncltided in i bad. '
TJ?e Empalemena is of two leaves, coriaceous, torn at the mar-
gin, ereft, and the length t)f the fruit; at the time of flore-
fcence, fcarce manifeft for its fmallnefs. '
The CofoWa none.' • ' • * *;.:...
The Gormen is roundifli ai?d \^xy ImalL TY^St^ks two, brift-
ly, coloured, and much longer than the caly^./ Th^Stigms
are fimple. , ' . . ".,, (
The Seed'VeJJel none, , .. .
The Seed, a nut fomewhat ovate, ihaved at the. ba&^ fomowbat
compreflfed and pointed at the apex. ' ,' .
\
/
, .. T[b€ ^^tf;!\t% wjth us arcj
1. CoRYLUs americana. American Hazelnut.
This grows very common in a rich» loofe, q^oift
ibil; fpreading/ar by its roots, apd rifing at firft vitli
a fimple, erc^ftem; which, as it grows old, is di-
vided into a few irregular branches, cloathed with
oval, pointed leaves, fawed on their edges. The
Male katkins are produced at the ends of the branch-
es, and the Female parts a little beneath them, often
many together, at other times fingly ; and are fuc-
ceeded by fecd-veflcls, roundifh at the bafe, but
lengthened out into a leaffy, fringed expaiifion, part-
ed at the extremity j each containing one nut.
2. CoRYLUs cornuta. Dwarf Filbert^ or
Cuckold-nut.
This kind much refembles the other, except in
fizc, feldom growing above three or four feet high %
and alfo in having its nuts Tingle upon the branches,
and
Uk.
( 38 )
and their hulks or feed-veflels fmalli^ aii4 )?qgtbeq£^
out nto a poioi: or hoin* ■■ apd <:]a^y cmtuacing itt
nutiL '
V , _, the ffltO SERVICE- tREE. .
Clafs 12. Orders. IcofandrU PigyRi?-
T^H^ffffyfaiMisj^ is ope leaved, concave- fpreadjng, fite-tooih-
'■'■" ed and permanent; ■ ' ' ■
The Corolla is of five petals, roundilh, - concave, Untng dofe
and inCerted in the calyx. ' ^
^he 'Pllamms are twenty, awl-ffiapedi'and Inreried (htfie calyx.
The Arahera are roundjfii. - ■ '
The Germen is beneath. The Stylet are two, thread-form, and
erefl. The Stigp^ are headed.
TheSeeii-vej/'ri is aberry, flefliy, roundiih, and umbilicated.
The $»iir are two, longifh, diflinfl: and cartilaginous.
nters enumerate feverat Species of this
' of thefe ftates ; but I believe, uppp
aminationf they will chjcfly be found
th more propriety, to tbe Mefpilus.
' ^ ^ ^C U P RE S S U S.
Clafs 31., Order .9.. Monoecis Mo^pdelpHaf
♦'T'HE JWafa flflwets are coljefted jn an ovat? Xailiin.
■*■ The Calyx, a common ovate Katkin, compounded with
fparfed flowers, confifting oiScaUi which areuniflorous,
roundilji, Aarp-pointed on tbe fore part, tirgetted, op-
■ pofite and in number about twenty.
The Corolla none.
The Filaments are wanting; bijt four^tfterd areioiiied,intbeir
ftead, to each fcale of the katkin.
* 'Hie Pemale Sowers are collected in a roundifh cone, on die
lame plfuit, , ' ■
The
( 3i )
The Cdlpyi cbisim>n c6iie, wiiich U cdiDpouMed of firofll
eight to ten fibrets, confiding. dfiSc^/efyWfiich.are.Upiflorousi
oiipo/ite^(5vate^ convex benifath and gaping. . j .
The Coro//(j. ppne. , •
The Germen is reared dbfer\fable'. * In the place, pef-hirpk, dt
Styles, there are numerous dots within each tsAfc^ fcal^
which are truncated, and concave at the apex.
The Seed-vejjel, none .but the globoie cqn(^ which is ihut^ but
gaping with orbiculate, angled, ahd tar^etted fcales.
The Seed is a nut, wUch is angled, fharp-pointefl^ and fmall.
fit^ Species with «/, ate^ \
i\
1. CupREssus diftichi. VitginiM dicidtuus
Cyprus-Tree,
• I . • % • I
This grows naluraUy m fnK^ampyy WrglQund ; and
becoms^ ik- lofcy ti^cie, of feVenty or e^kt^f: feet in
height, ^hd thfee of f6tit feet in diftiheter; cividinj^,
fo'«rards thft top, i^to itiatiy tranches, clotted with
ftnall linear leaves, coming out upon all ^es, yet
inclining to but twd fi4e& of iht foiall brapcaes ; and
falling bS in the aUtuknn. The cones^ of this kind»
are roundifh and near an inch in diameter. The
timbe): is vkluable tor many ufes, affording great
quantities of boards^ ihingle&i &c.
2» CuPRESsus Thyoides. Ma4ylan4 Blue-ber-
ried Cypre/s.
This, by fomc means, has obtained the name of a
dwarf, yet it becomes a Jai:gc tree, nearly equal in
height and diameter to the former. The branches
arc covered with fmall ever-greeh leaves, much rc<r
fembling thofe of the Arbor Vitae. The cones are
about the fize of Juniper-berries, a little angular
and having many Wlls. The timber of this is foftqjp
than the othir kind and applied to more general ufe,
being
( 40 )
heiftg^iltulabk and not liable to be eaten by worms f
it afiords excellent planks, &c. for (hip building ;
alfo ports, rails, boards, fliinglcs, &c. &c. and to
it OUT: d^iry ,wamen are indebted for tubs, palls,
churns^ ^€.. .
; D I O $ P Y R O S.
' The DATE tUUM, or PERSIMMON TREE.
Clafs 23. Order 2. Pdlygamii Dioecia.
♦^HE Hermaphrodite female.
, ^ , ThdEn^^emefU is compofed of one leaf, four-cleft,- large;
obtufe and permanent.
The CoroRa^ of one petal, pitcherrAipe, larger, and four-cleft;
the divifions acute and fpreading.
The Ft/A»i^j.are eigbt,-bTiftfy, fliort and lightly inferted in
- the xiecppc^cfe. ; The Anthsrx are.obkmg and. effbete.
The Gemen is r^suodi/h. The Sfyif one, half four^cleft, per-
., manentaftd' longer than the ftauiipa. The Stigmas are obtufe
and two- cleft. ' ' • ^
The Seed^iejfei is a berry, which is'globous, large, eight-cell'd,
and fitt.ng on the large fpreading calyx.
The Seeds are folitary,- roundifh, ' com^preiTed, and very hard,
♦The Ma/^ in. di^inft plants, ...
The Empalement conlifls of one leaf, four-cleft, acute, ereft,
and fmair. ' • ^ ' . *
The Corolla of one petal, pitcher-fliape, coriaceous, four-cor*
nered and four cleft ; the divifions are roundifh and revolute.
The Filaments are eight, very fhort and inferted in-the recepta-
cle. The AnthercR are double, long, and acute; the interior
fliorteft. .
The Pijiillum, is the rudiment of a gcrmen.
?fc Species withus^ but one. viz.
r . •
DiosPYRos virginiana. • Virginian Perftmmon
Tree.
This grows naturally in moift clayey ground, in
Pcpfylvanij^ and Maryland, as well as Virginia} rif-
ing
( 4» )
iQg to the height of twenty feel or more, fefiditig
out many (hortiih branches, garnifiied with entire,
oblong, painted leaves; the fiowers ate produced
upon the fmall branches, making but little appear*
ance, and are fucceeded by large, gtobular or oblong
fruit, which when fully ripe has a fweet agreeable
tafte. A full grown tree will often yield two bufhels
or more of fruit, which upon diftillation will afford
as many gallons of Spirits, allowed to be equal in
tafte and flavour to Weft India Rum. Our country-
men have not enough attended to this, but in fome
places they brew of them a very good Beei. There
appeaiis to be varieties of this, fome with early ripe
large fruit, others with fmaller and late ripe.
P I R C A-
LEATHER WQOQ,
Clafs 8. Order i, Odandria Maaogyma*
TH E Empakmera is wantiitf . ^
The Corolla is one petal'd and clubb*d. The tube i« more
bellied above. The border none, the margin unequal.
The Filaments are eight, capillary, hiforted in the middlfe of
the tube, and longer than the corolla. The Amherm are
roufidifh and ere^t.
The Germen is ovate, with an obFique top. The St^leis thread-
form, longer than the ftamina and curved at the top. The
Stigma is flmple.
The Seed-veJJel is a berry of one cell. ^
Tht Seed IS Qn^,
Thtre is but one Species of this Genus ^ viz.
DiRCA paluftris. Virginian Marjh Leather--
This is a low flirub, growing in moift fliai^y places,
feldom rifing more than three or four feet high,
F fpreading
( 4* )
fpreading into a head, with many fmall and very
flexible branches, covered with a light coloured bark,
and cloathed with oval fmooth leaves, of a pale green
colour* The flowers arc produced at the extreme
ends of ihe former yearns flioots; they are of an
herbaceous colour and make but little appearance,
but are fucceeded by oval berries, changing fome-
what yellowifli when ripe.
E¥ to JE A.
TRAILING^ ARBUTUS.
Clafs lo. Order i. Decandria Monogynia.
HP HE Eff^alement is double, approximated, and permanent.
-■■ The exterior confifts of three leaves, which are ovatc-lanc-
ed, and fliarp pointed; the exterior largeft.
The interior is five-parted and ereft; a little longer than
the exterior : the leaf-lets are lanced and iharp pointed.
The Corolla is compofed of one pitcher-form petal. The tube
is cylindrical, rather longer than the calyx, and hairy within.
The border is fpreading and five-pajted, with ovate-oblong
lobes.
The Filaments are ten, thread-form, the length of the tube and
affixed to the bafe of the corolla. The Amtheras are oblong
and acute.
The Germen is globofe and villous. The Style is thread-form,
and the length of the ftamina. The Stigma is obtufe and
fomewhat five-cleft.
The Seed-yeJlfel is a capfule, fomewhat roundifh, deprefTed, five
fided, five cell'd, and five valv'd.
The Seeds are many and roundifh. The receptable large and
five-parted.
^ere is but one Species of this Genusj viz.
EpiGiEA repens. Trailing Arbutus.
This grows naturally upon northern hills, or mouRi-
tains, with trailing fhrubby ftalks, putting out roots
at
\
I
( 43 )
at their joints. The leaves are oblong, rough and
waved on their edges. The flowers are produced at
the ends of the branches, in loofe panicles, and are
of a white colour, mixed with red, dividing at the top
into five parts, and fpreading open in form of a ftar.
EUONYMUS.
The SPINDLE TREE.
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogynia.
THE Empalement is compofed of one leaf, five-parted, and
plane : the diviOons are roundilh and concave.
The Corolla confifts of five petals, ovate, plane> fpreading and
longer than the calyx.
The ^laments are five, awlihaped, erefl, ihorter than the co-
rolla, and placed on the germen as a receptacle. The An-
thef0 ^re twin.
The Germen is fliarp pointed. The S$yli is £hort and fimple.
The Stigma is obtufe.
The Seed-veffel is a capfule, fucculenC, coloured, pentagonal,
with five angles, five cells and five valves.
The Seeds are folitary, ovate and covered with a berry'd Aril-
lus.
Obf, In fome fpecies one fifth part of the fruAification is taken
away.
I. EuoNYMUs carolinenfis. Carolinian Spindle
Tree. '
This fhrub grows to the height of eight or ten
feet, dividing into many oppofite branches, the
young (hoots are fomewhat quadrangular and mark-
ed longitudinally, with green ftripes. The leaves
are placed oppofite, and are oval, iharp pointed, and
finely and flightly fawed on their edges, of a deep
grecii
( 44 )
gvcM coloun The foo^aUu 'of the flowers cmne
out finora the bofooi of the leaves of ibe youag
jBiooSss^ a&d »re gefierally divided itito three parts to-
Drards their extremities, tite middk dii^AoQ fiiftaia-^
siig ^one^ antl the two ftde ofies^ each three flowers;
having four deep purple coloured petals, expanding
in form of a croft, and four (lamina ; tbefe are fuc-
ceeded by angular furrowed feed veffels, of a beau-
tiful pale red colour when ripe, making a fine ap-
pearance after the leaves are fallen oE
2. EuoNYMUS latifolius. Broad-leaved Spin-
die Tree.
This ithrub very much refctn'Mes the former, ex-
cept the leaves being broader and longer^ and oJT a
paler greoi :cdimr, iteimidiig reddifli before they £all
oflF. The feed-veifels are rather larger iamd rousuier
at the corners or angles, ani! of Comtfwbat palet eo-
bur, as are alio the flowery.
3. EuoNYMUs fempervirens. Ever-green
Spindle Tree.
This is of fmaller growth than either of the for-
mer, feldom rifing above fix or leven feet, and di-
viding into many oppofite branches, towards the top,
^hkh are of a greener celaUTa and -more angular
than the other kinds, and garniihed with narrower
leaves, of a clofer texture. The flowers are produc-
ed in manner of the former, except each footftalk
fuftaining generally jnut three Ao wears, having fiv^ pe-
tals, which are of a paler eokmr, aad rounder than
•either of the former; and are Succeeded by roundifix
^capfules clofdy fet with fmall pstotuhecabnces, lAirnifig
Ijf a^ fin^ red colou^r whe»i ripe, and opening into
four
'
( 45 )
four or Hte parts, difclofing its feeds hanging by fine
white threads. This uiakes a rery beautiful ai4>ear-
ance in autumn whttn its fruit are iripc ; and from
their red appearance obtained the name of tlie Burn*
tog »ttlh. Tfcfe young 'planus detain their teavcs all
Wittten All the li>€^ics grow natttWlly i* mdWti
Ih^did pJtefes. ■ -
• • « »
the B E E C H - t RE E.
Clafs 21. Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria.
* npHE Male flowers are aitexed to an Amentaceous receptacle.
-L The Calyx is an Empolment of on£ leaf^ beii-fliaped, and
five-deft.
The CoroUa none.
Tfee Filaimnts are mifay (abdllit twelvtft) the Idfegth of tb6 calj^x,
afld briHly,. Tfee j^y^fA^tp affe bbldtig. '
♦ T*ie iFiejjwi^ lowers ard 'c<Wilt%iri€d irt buds upoii tb6 fdirie
p!ant. ' . , .
TI^ Cdyixr, An em^iiemH^ of one l^af^ fottr-td^th^d, br<^a aiid
acute. .....
The Corolla none.
The Gtff»v» is cov^ed by tbexralyx. . The '^/^y are three, awU
ihaped. The Stigmor are ii^ple and reflexed.
The SeedyeJJel is acapfule Cformerly the calyx) which is rounds
i(kj large, fet -round with foft fpines 5 with one cell and fodr
valves.
The Seeds are two nuts, which are ovate, triangular, three
valved and ftarp-pointed.
Obf The Male iiowers of the Beech are difpofed in a globular
form; thofe of the Chefnut in a cylindrical.
We have but one Species of this Cenus^ hefides the
Chefnut and Chinqiiepin^ which ar^ fameivhat im-
froperjy joined with it^ \\z. ■ - -
Fag us
( 46 )
Fag US Sylvatica atro-punicea. American
Beech Tree.
, ( • «...
' This grows naturally in low, bottom grounds, by
river fides, rifing fometimes to the height of forty
or fifty feet, and to fifteen or eighteen inches in dif
ameter, generally fending out many long branches ,
garniflied with very thin, oval, Ipear-fhaped leaves,
jawed on their edges, and remaining late upon the
branches. The nuts are eaten by fwine. The wood
is hard and clofe grained', and ufed for making lafts,
joiner's tools, &c.
FAGUS-CASTANEA.
The CH ESN ITT TREE.
rpHjE Ch,ara6tcfs are nearly the fame of the Beech, except
J^ the Male flowers being difpofed in cylindrical katkins.
7^e S^^ks: more in number and. briftly. The Caffiiles niuck
lalrger, round, and fet very thick with long prickly Spines ; con-
taining from /one to four or five, but generally two or throe
Buts, fllied with fweet kernel.
TAe 5pccics of Chefnuiy with usy are^
I. Fag US-Cast A NE A dentata. American
Chefnut Tree.
This often becomes a large tree, growing to the
height of fistty 6r eighty feet, and to four or five
feet in diameter, fending out but few branches, gar-
niflied with long fpear-fhapcd leaves^ toothed or
notched on their edges. The timber is ufed much
for rails, fplitting free and out- lading mofl: of our
Oaks. The kernel of the nuts are dried and ufed
by fome as a fubftitute for Coffee, The wood is alfo
burnt
( 47 )
burnt into coals for the ufe of blackfmiths, &c. but
not much efteemed for conunon fuel.
2. Fa G US-Cast A NE A pumila. Dwarf Chef^
nut TreCy or Chinquepin.
This feldom rifes above eight, ten, or twelve feet,
Otherwife much refembling the Chefnut in the ap-
pearance of its branches and leaves. Its fruit cap-
fules are fmall, and generally contain but one conical
ihaped nut. It grows naturally in a light gravelly
foil.
FOTHERGILLA.
FOTHERGILLA.
Cla(s 13. Order 2. Polyandria Digynia.
THE EmpcAenatA is of one leaf, hauy, and five-toothed a&
the margin.
The CwdUk is wanting.
The lUamevits from fixteen to eighteen, Infeited in the calyx,
long, incurved and leffened towards the bafe. The Amherm
are minute.
The Germen is oblong and villofe, ending in two acute Styles.
The Seed-veJJel is a capfule, oblong, of two cells and covered
by the calyx.
The Seeds are iingle and oblong.
^e Species witb usj
FOTHERGILLA Gardenia Carolinic^f Fother^
gilla.
This fmall, but beautiful flowering (hrub grows
naturally in Carolina, on the borders of favannahs^
or near ponds of water ; fpreading much by its roots.
The ftalks are flender^ rifing to the height of two
or
r 4» )
or three feet, generally feverat from one root, with
fmall, alternate, divaricated branches. The leaves
are oval, fomewhat toothed towards the apex, and
placed alteraate* The fiovers are produced in ^ikes
terminating the ftalks^ they are fefiile, and each
furoifhed with a bra£tea or floral les^f^ which is ovate,
rough externally, longer than the empaleraent apd
fitting ciofe at their bafe ; they are produced early
in the fpring and being thick fet, make a beautiful
appearance with their long, fnowy white ftamina.
irhe fruit or feed-veflel very much refembles that of
the Hamamalis or Witch Hazel, but is much fmall-
er.
This, in fome late Catalogues, has been called
Tourrifonia^ in honour pf WilUaopt Young, Botanift,
of Pennfylvania ; but by Dr. Linnxus, Fothergilla
in honour o^ the late Dr. Fothergill of Londop,. It
was firft fent to Europe, from Carolina, by John
3amani^ ^o bis frt^n4 ?• C9JU^fo^, l?y th? u\\fi of
Gardenia.
: F R A N K l4 1 N I A.
FRANXLINIA.
Clafs 1 6. Order 5. Moiiadelphia Pply^ndria.
THE Empalement is of one leaf, fiv6.cleft; the divifions
round i ill.
The Corolla eonfifts of five petals, large, fpreading, roundift,
narrowed towards the claw, and joined at the bafe.
The Filaments are numerous, awl-fhaped, joined beneath in a
cylinder, and infertfed in the corolla. The Anthem are twin.
The Germen is roundifh, lightly furrowed. The Style cylindri-
cal and longer than the ftamuia. The Stlgmd obtufe and
ray^d.
The See<i-yejfel, a roundifh nut with five cells.
The Seeds are wedge-form, and ffeveral ii^ each cell.
the
( 49 )
Tbe Species one^ viz.
FRAHKLINI4 alatamaha. . Franklima*
(Barcram's Catalogue.)
This beautiful flowerings tree-like ihrub, rifes
with an creft trunk to the^ height of about twenty
feet; dividing into branches, alternately difpofed.
The leaves are oblong, narrowed towards the bafe,
fawed on their edges, placed alternately, and fitting
clofe to the branches. The flowers are produced
towards the extremity of the branches, fitting clofe
at the bofom of the leaves ; they are often five inches
in diameter when fully expanded; compofed of five
large, roundifh, fpreading petals, ornamented in the
center with a tuft or crown of gold coloured flamma;
and poflefTed with the fragrance of a China Orange.
This newly difcdvered, rare, and elegant flowering
fhrub, was firft . dbfcrved by John Bartram when pn
botanical refearches, on the Alatamaha river < in
Georgia, Anno 1760; bift was not brought into
Pennfylvania till about fifteen years after, when his
fon William Bartram, employed in the like purfuits,
revifited the place where it had been before obfcrved,
and had the pleafing profped of beholding it in its
native foil,* pofTeiTed with kll its floral charms; and
bearing ripe feeds at the fame time ; fome of which
he cofieflted^and brought hppae,: ai^d raifed l^pr^l
jilanjrs tli*<prefrom,x which in four years tim« flowercdp
a^^ in one year softer perfefted ripe feeds. ^ .
" ;It fcems. nearly allied tp the Gordonia, tp which
it bas^ in' jTome^la^ Catalogues, been joined: but
William Bartram, who firfl; introduced it j believing
U tp be ^ new Genus, has chofeq^to honour it with
the name of that patron of Icienqcs, and tP,uly great
.. ' and
> - G
( 50 )
and diftingttifhed charafler^ Dr. Benjamin Franklin.
The trivial name is added from the river, where
alone it has been obferved to grow naturally. It
delights in a loofe, -feady and moift foil.
F R A X I N U S.
/ . The ASH- TREE. ?,
Clafs 23. Order 2. PQlyganoia. Dioecia.
TPHE Flowers zte Hermaphrodite arid Fifwo/e on different trees;
-■- *Tbc. Hermaphrodite: -- ' "
The Coiyqp none; ol an Emp^emem of ofi^ leaf, fbtir-parted,
a:e6b, .acate^ and fmall. . . .1. '1 -
The' Corolla none,* or of four petals. Imear, long, acfite,: and
erecc. « , . .
ThhFilaments are two, ereft and fliorter than the corbila.' The
^iber^ are ere^- oblong, and four furrowed. - '
Th€f Qermen is ovate andcoinpreffedt . The-S^k cyjlindrkid
and.ereft. The Stigma thickifli apd t^o cleft..,.
The Seed-yejfel none befides'the cruft of the'feed. .. * ,
The Seed rs lanced, compreffed-memtfanaceoiis and 6f one
' cell.- •• • •• '• .. ' ' . i/-'. /j ».' :>:U.:'ij
* The* Female are the £sme m every past exeeiift wati^grfis
Hamina.. •, . ,...,,,;<. ,, ..r-r. -t.c;
' . . TAe Species are,
•1 r
» 1
. pRA^yNUs ameriqana. : Carolinian, on J^a
This grows to the height of twenty oi- thirty fc^t,
dividing into fcvcral;brafach6s,"'th6:fmjili ones of
which are generally oppofite ; the; leaves ard' cottf-
pofed 6f thriec or four pair of lobe's, t'ctminafed by
an odd one^ t^hich are^gg-lhaped an9 pdi^ted^ tlieir
upper farface of a light grecn'colour,' their tinder
covered with flK)rt white downy hairs. ' The feeds
arc broad* and of a light colour. '
" " a. Fraxinus
( 5' )
2. Fraxinus alba. American White Afh.
This tree grows fometimes to the height of forty
or fifty feet, and to eighteen inches or more in di-
ameter. It grows much after the manner of the
former, only the leaves are broader, and the feeds
narrower. The timber of this is uled much by
Wheelwrights, Chaifc*maV:ers, &e. for making
fhafts, rimming of wheels, &c.
3. Fraxinus Nigra. Black AJh.
This kind grows in moid places, rifing to the
height of thirty feet or more, covered with a rough,
lightifli coloured bark, and fending out but few
branches. The leaves are chiefly produced at the
ends of the branches, and are generally compofe^
of four pair of lobes, and an odd one, which are
fhaped like thofe of the other kinds, but are fmall-
er and finely fawed on their edTCs. The feeds or
keys are broad and flat, and of equal width their
whole length*
4. Fraxinus pennfylvanica. Petm/ylvanian
Sharp^keyed Aflj.
This kind often grows to the height of thirty feet
or more, and is generally thick fet with branches
towards the top, having leaves much refembling the
White Afli. The feeds grow in large panicles, thick
fet upon the fides of the branches, near their extre-
inities : they are longer and narrower than any of
the other kinds, almofl: terminating in a point at
their bafe. This alfo affbrdVa valuable wood, which
is ufed for the fame purpc^es as that of ^he White
A(h.
The
( 5» )
The infide bark and keys of Aih, are accounted
good to promote urine.
GAULTHERIA.
GAULTHERIA, or MOUNTAIN TEA.
Clafs lo. Order i. Dccandria Monogynia.
TH £ EmpaUmeta is doublie, approximate and permanenc. '
The exterior two leaved and ihorter : the leaves feini-
ovate, concave and obtufe.
The interior one leaved, five-cleft and bell-fliaped: the
fegments femi- ovate.
The CoroUa is monopetalous^ ovate and half five cleft: the
border foiall and revolute.
A NeBarium of ten corpufcules, which are awl-fhaped^ etef^
v^ry ihort, and furrounding the germen within the /lamina.
The Filaments are ten, awl-ihaped, incurved, fhorter than the
corolla, and inferted in the receptacle. The Jnthera are
two horned: the horns bifid.
The Getmen is roundifh and depreffed. The Style cylindrical
and the length of the corolla. The Sti^tna is obtufe.
The Seed'vejfel is a capfule, roundifh, obtufe five-fided, depref-
ed, five ceird, and Gve valv*d; covered on all fides by the
interior empalement, and becoming a roundifli coloured ber-
ry, pervious at the apex.
The Seeds are many, fomewhat ovate, angled and bony.
There is but one Species of this Genusy viz.
Gaultheria procumbens. Canadian Gaul" .
theria^ or Mountain Tea.
This is a very fmall ihrubby plant, with flender
ftems, feldom rifing above five or fix inches in height;
having, at their tops, four or five oval ever-green
leaves, which are marked with a few fmall points or
ferratures upon their edges. The flowers come out
from the bofom of the leaves, of a white colour,
and
( 53 )
and are fucceeded by fmall berrits of a red colour
when ripe. ITie leaves have been ufed as a fubfti-
tute for Bohea Tea, whence the name of Mountsun
Tea.
G L E D^ T S I A.
TRIPLE-THORNED ACAQA, or HONEY LOCUST.
Clafs 23. Order 2. Polygamia Dioecia.
'T'HE Flowers are Male and Hermaphrodite upon the fame
-■• plaint, and Female upon a different plant.
* The Male ^te in a long, compaft, cylindrical katkin.
The Calyx; i proper empalement of four leaves; the leaves
fpreading, fmall and acute.
The Corolla confifls of three petals, roundlfh, feffile, fpreading,
and cup form.
A Ne&ariutnf top-ihaped, to whofe borders the remaining
parts of fru6kification grow.
The F'ilamems are fix, thread-form, and the length of the co-
rolla. Th^Jmhercg are Incumbent, oblong, compreffed and
twin*
* The Hermaphrodite are in the fame katkin with the ma|le flow-
ers, and for itfi^nnoft part terminal.
The Calyx, an e^alement, four leaved, as in the male.
The Corolla^ four petals; as in^tbe male.
The Ne^arium as in the male.
The Stamina as in the male.
The Piftillum, Seed-veJJelf and Seedt as in the female.
*The Female Flowers are in a loofe katkin, in a different plant.
The Calyx; a proper empalement, as in the male, but live leaved.
The Corolla^ five petals, which are long, acute, and fomewh^t
fpreading.
The Nedtaria are two, very fhort, like the filaments.
The Germen is broad, compreifed, and longer than the corolla.
The 6'^^ is fliort and reflexed. The Stigma is thick and the
length o^ the ftyle, to which it is- adjoined, growing hairy
above.
The Seed'Vejfel is a legumen or pod, very large, broad, and
much compreffed, with many tranfverfc partitions : with
ifthmufes filled with pulp.
The Seeds }XTG foUtary, roundiih, hard and Ihioing.
The
»•
( 54 )
. The Species with^ us an^ "' \ '
i.Gleditsia fpihofa. ' Tripk-thorhed Acacia^
or Honey Jjocuft.
This tree grows naturally in a rich i(bil, riling to
the height oi thirty or fprty feet, dividing into ma-
ny branches, which, together with the trunk, are
armed with long pithy fpines of five or fix inches in
length, fending off latornal ones, fome of which
are nearly the fame length, and generally triple thorn-
ed. The branches are garniflied with winged leaves,
compofed of ten, or more pair of fmall lobes, fitting
clofe to the midrib, of a lucid green colour. The
flowers come out from the fides of the young
branches in form of katkins, of an herbaceous co-
lour, and are fucceqded by crooked, comprefled
pods, from nine or ten to fixteen or eighteen inches
in length, and about an inch and a half or two inch-
es in breadth, of which near one half is filled with
a fweet pulp, the other containing many feeds in
feparate cells. The pods, from the fwcetnefs of
their pulp, are ufed to brew in beer. *
1. Gleditsia aquatica. Water Acacia.
This fort grows naturally in Carolina, and hath
muqh the appearance of t^c firft, but hath fewer
fpines, which are very fliort. The leaves are alfo
fmallcr and the pods oval, containing but one feed.
GLYCINE.
PERENNIAL KIDNEY BEAN.
Clafs 17. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria.
THE Empdement is of one leaf, <:ompreffed and two lipped:
the upper Itp emarginate and obtufe ; the lower, longer,
acute, and three-cleft; the middle divificm longeft.
The
( 55 );
The CoroUa papilionaceous, or butterfly ihaped.
The Standar(f\invfiT(h k^ait^iha^d^ the (ides^deflexed, the
baclc gibbous, the apex emarginate, (Iraight and bent from
thekeeL. .. , ,-,...
The ^ifigf oblong; oVate towards the top, fmall and bent
downwards.
The Ke^N linear, hodkedj broader and obcufe towards the
point, and bent upwards, pr effing againft the fiandard.
The Filameras are cnadelphous, or one fingle, and nine conjoin- .
cd; a little dividing at the top, and revolnte,,, The Jnthirm
are fimple. , . . ' - > , , , . , .
The Gemeri is oblong'. The St^k cylindrical,' bending back in
aTpire. the Stigma obtufe. ', . ^. ,
The Seed'Veffd p oblong legumen or po<J.
Tlie Stferfj kidney forin.
Obf. Glycine frutcfcens has Icgum^^SiOr pods of two cells. ^
' ' f ' \ :' " ' ' .1-
Tbe Jhh^by Bpcdts^lfk us. is one. viz. '
i r " 1 " • ■• *T
. ^ 1 J I '
G'f YttW fe' fi^tefcens.' Carolhia^ Shrubi^y
Kidney: Bean, ■.
This grows naturaUy. i^^jQarc^ifia, rifing with
twining fhrubby ftems, wheh fupported, to the
height of ten. or iBfteen feet:. rThc lejivcs are wiqg-
ed^ and cothpofed of about five pair of fmall, oval,
pointed pinn^c^^ Or lobes, fmd6th and of a pale green
x>n their um)er furface, but l^ighter, underneath^ hav*
ih^ 'their edges a Tittle" i^fl&fea -and'. hairy." ' The
ifbtes'^tferniiriate therbrahA'es W aicldfe/ere^-tai:
1» '-
GUILANDINA.
{ S6 )
p
.y. GUI LAND IN A.
The BONDUC, or NICKAR TREE.
Clafs lo. Order i. Decandrta Monogynia.
nPHE Empalement is one leaved, bell-fhape: the border five
-*■ ' parted, equal, and fpreading.
The Corolla confiils of five petals, lanced, concave, fquat, equal,.
fomewhat larger than the calyx and Inferted In. its chaps.
The Filaments are ten, awl-fliaped, ereft, inferted in, and Ao^t-
er than the calyx : the alternate lefs. The /inthetue are ob-
tufe and incumbent.
The Germen is oblong. The Style h thread-form and the length
of the (lamina. The Stigma is fimple.
The Seed'VBJjel is a legumen or pod^ ivhicli is rhoiiibptd, con-
vex on the upper future, bellied-comprefred, of one cell,
diftinft, with tranfverfe partitions.
Th.e Seeds; ^re boijy, globofc-compreficd, and folitaty between
tTie partitions.
Obf. A fpecies of this genus is dioecious.
The SpecKS vntb ^ usy
< .• • * : -
■•■■''■ • .... r. I .\ ,:\'
G u I L A N Dl N A diolca^ Canadian dloiceous
,\Bonduc. or^,^ickarTree: y ^ ' ' .
t • •
, This tree i's^ faid to rile^. with an cred ftfem-^ to the
height of thirty feet or more, dividipg into |m;^iy
branches/coyered with ^bluiifh aih-colpuccd^ jTmopth
bark, garj^iOied with larg£ ^jf^g^d leaves, :the lobes
oF wbkh are ranged aJi^e^rp^ely,^ ^i^d are oval ihap-
ed, very fmooth and entire/ 1 nave lately received
feveral feeds from Kentucky, fuppofed to be of this
tree, where it is faid to grow plenty^ and is called
the Coffee or Mahogany tree.
HALESIA.
( 57 )
H A i E S I A.
HALBSIA, or SILVER-BELL TRJBE.
Clafs lo. Onier r. Deca&tfria Monogynm.
'T'HE Empalement is oiie leaved, very fmall, above, four-
-^ toothed, and pef ma^ent.
The CoroUa is of one petal, bell'd and bellied : with the mouth
four-lobed, obtufe and fpreading.
The FiUments aw5 twelve (rarely ilxtcen) awl-fliaped, ereft and
fomewhat fhorter than the corolla. The Aruhera are oblong,
obtuf« and: Qroft.
The Germen is oblong and beneath. The Style is thread-form
mi longer tbaa the qorqlUi. Thff Sfigjm is fimpie.
The Sejfd-v^l&l. is a nut which ifi. barked.' oblong, narrow to-
wards eaiSo. end* foiir cpxjm^ wiiUi fl3iSp»})r aoaceou^ angles,
and tWQ, qdU*d.
The Siiif are. foliitar^.
^he Species are^,
1 . H A L E s I A diptera. Vwo-it^inged fruited
Haiefia.
This "gri^ws natupally" in Oitelina, to ttie beight
of twelve or fifteen feet. The bai^k is beautifully
Tariegatid oc ilceaked, mach Ul^e the ftriped Maple.
The ka\^€^ aci^ la^ge a^ egg-ibap^, bdving fm^ooth
footftatk$. The iruit is iharp-poittbed^ haviag two
oppofite, large wings, and two very fmall.
2. Hal ESI A tetraptera. Tour-winged fruited
Hakjia.
This likewife grows in Carolina, and has much
the appearance of th« fbritter, except the lea-ves arc
much fmaller, a little fawed on their edges and
doway
H
( 58 )
downy underneath, with glandular footftalks. The
flowers are produced upon the fmall branche$, fomc-
times fingly, but often three or four together, upon
pretty long footftalks; they are bell-(haped and pen-
dulous, of a white colour, and are fucceeded by
ftiarp-pointcd fruit, having four wings.
H A M A M E L I S.
WITCH HAZEL.
Clafs 4, Order 2. Tetrandria Digynia.
T^HE Caljx confifts of an Involucrum, three-leaved, and three
"*• flowered; the two interior leaves are roundifh, lefs, aiid
obtufe; the third outer one is larger and lance- fhaped.
A double Empalement ; the exterior two leaved, lefs and
roundifh; the interior four leaved and ered; the leaves
oblong, obtufe, and equal.
The Corolla has four petals, which are linear^ equal, very long*
obtufe, and reflexed.
And a NeQariumy of four leaf-lets, truncated, and adjoined
to the corolla.
The Filaments are four, linear, and fhorter than the calyx. The
Anthercs two horned and reflexed
The Gerwun is ovate and villofe^ ending in two Styles/ the
length of the Stamina. The Stigmas are headed.
The Seed'veffel none.
The Seed, a nut which is ovate, half covered witff the calyx,
obtufe and furrowed on each fide at the apex with fmall ho-
rizontal twa horned horns ; with two cells and two valves>
We have but one Species of this Genus, viz.
Hamamelis virginiana. Virginian Witch
Hazel.
This flirub grows naturally in many parts of North
America* It hath fpreading roots, generally fend-
ing up fevcral ftalks or ftcms to the height of eight
or
( 50 )
or ten fcct^ dividing, into feveral branches, fumi^ed
with oval leaves irregularly notched on their ,edges,
and fmooth on their upper fides, but downy under*
neath. ' The footfbalks of the flowers come out fing-
ly upon the fmall branches, each, generally fupport-
ing three flowers, of an herbaceous colour, and
making but little appearance, but remarkable for
being m bloom late in the fall after the leaves drop
off.
: H ED ERA.
IVY.
t
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogyma.
f •■ ■ I • r •
TPHE Calyx confifts of an Involacrum of a fiwple umbel, very
'"' ijnall and in?!^ toothed.
And an Empalcmmy&J^y finally .five toothed, and furroundlng
the germen.
Tbfe Cor^ has £v& petals, oblong and fpreadlng» with incurved
tops.
The Filaments are five, awl-fhaped, eredl and the length of the
corolla. Tbe jfnthernt are bifid at the bafe, and incumbent.
Tlie Germen is top ikaped, furrounded by. the receptacle. The
Style is fimple and Very (hort. The Stigma is ilmple.
The Seed'VeJJel is a gjobofq bcuryi.of one cell.
The Seeds are five, large, on one fide; gibbous, on th& other
angled.
We have but c)ii' Species Native of America, viz.
Hedera quinquefoliaV Americah Ivy^ or
Virginian Cteeper.
This hatli a climing ftem, attaching itfelf to any
neighbouring fupport, and rifiQg often to the height
of thirty," forty or fifty feet, fending off branches,,
furniflied with leaves compOfcd of five lobes joined
at
( 60 }
i/t ^et^t httSty ^liia&^
thek 'edges, btivi«ig ^pretty lofltg^cbniaDii foedfadk^^
Tbk to^ b«e4i> ufeA to plant 4i|4iinft mdk :md k^xxtet^
to cDv«64r tktetiky tPCEt the k^^r^dUtig'Off ki ^.iMer
t&€ f UMt^: make bMM fooft ^fffcstMoc at A2H time
SEA BUCK-THORN, or SAtLOW-THORN.
Clafs 22. Order 4."^ IfioflcklTetrandria.
T^HE flowers are Male »&d Female on different plants.
-■■ ^ The Male.
The Empalement is one leaved, biparted, bivalve, entire at the
<^tyttt)tn:' the divlfiotes aipe ieimdifli, a&«ltaI5^- concave aad
ereft, meeting with their tops, but gaping at their fides.
The QTrWfo is \^^jftttiiig.- •■ ' - ' • -■•?...-''
The Filaments are four, very fhort- ' Th^ jUmfkr^ are-oblongs
- singled; arid almoll ttifeiciigthiof fte'^sSyx; '^
* The Female. • - \ '
The BmpakmBm is on« lemi, ' oblbng^iivirt; t«rtmk>iis, clufb-
,bed, with a two cleft mouth, and deciduous.
The Cortf/fe none. ' ^' • i.>. • - ^n?
The t?ffm?« is raniidift, atid fmaHl "Th^h;yf^ \s fmplt'ftnd.
very fliort. The 'SUgma tht<*ift,, <ybforii^,'ieitft, M ^ftble
the length bf the calyx.. ' -^
The Seed-veJJil is a globdft berry of otfe t^H. ' - ' '
The'Se^dont, rtjundift,'
^here w but one Species, with us^ viz.. .
• ■
HiPPA^HAE canadienfis. Canadian Sea-Buct--
Thii? rifqs/tt^ith (hrubby ftalks to the height of eight
Oif..tcsfc fei^t, Tending 9\it many irre^iflar brinchics,
taving a- brown ;t|a^, fifvered ovei-,;a»id ga^iti^
pith vexf.n^xrovi f^^ leaves, o? a tfark
green oh their upper fide, bufhoairy underneath, ami
rcflexcd
C 4i )
^fleiscd XAi^ theit< bdgtci lifa&'the Refemary. The
flowdr&^ccmneoiil fto^ the fides of the young braiicb*
es, fitting very clofe; the male growing, in fmall
clufters, but . the. iemak <K)imng out fingly ; thefe
open in July and make but little appearance ; they
are fuceeeded by rouudiih berries, which ripen in
autumn, and are fald to be purgatire.
HYDRANGEA.
HYDRA N -G E A.
•
Qafs lo. Order 2« Becatidria Digynia.
'X^HE Emfalemjstti is one leaved, five toothed, permanent,
; ;ui^ Cmall. .
The Corolla confifls of five petals, equal, roundiA, and laj^er
tbao t;he caljix. ■ , .
The Filaments are ten, longer than the corolla, the alternate of
which are longer. The Anther(B arc roundilh and twrin.
The Germen is roundifh and beneath. The Styles are two, ihort,
and didant. The Stigmas are obtufe and permanent.
The Seed-wffil U .a caf fule, roundiih, twin, two beaited with
the double ftyle, angled with many nerves,' crowned with
the calyx, two QelPd, with a tranfverfe partition, and gaping
with -apajflUgiB ihetv^een tbeiharos;
ThQ Seeds are numerous, aisled, iharp pointed, and very fniali.
>
, Tberf is but 4ne ^pecies^ of ibis Genus ^ viz. ,
H y R A N G jB A , f ru^cfcens. . . }(irgimfln Sbrubfiy
. : Hydrangea, j
»
This hath a fpreadmjg woody root, from which
are produosd, gcnexaJly feveral foft, pithy, ligneous
ftalks^ rifing tp the height of about three feet, gar*
nifhed at each joint with two oblong, heart-ihaped,
pointed leaves, fawed on their edges^ and having
many vdns. The flowers are produced in form of
a CO-
( 62 )
a corymbusj at the tops bf the' ftaiks, tbey ixt of a
white colour^ a&d are fucceeded by fmaU capfules.
H Y P E R I C U M. -
St. JOHN'S w ort;
eiafs 1 8. Order 3. Polyadelphia Pofyandria.
'T'HE Empalement is iive parted: the divifions are fomewhat
-■• ovate, convex, and permanent.
The Corolla has five petals, oblong-ovate, obtufe, fpreadi^g^
and marked according to the motion of the fun.
The Filaments are numerous, capillary; joined at \he bafe into
five or three parts or bodies. The Antherct are fmall.
The Germen is roundifh. The Styles are three (fontetiuies oi^,
two, and fivej Ample, diftant, and the length of the ttamina,
iThe Stigmas are fimple.
The Sedd-veJJel is a roundifh capful^,- with cells according' to
the number pf the Styles.
The 5c^if are many ajid oblong. ^ . '
•''■■' ■ i" ■ . - . . • ,
The S^tcxti growing Jhrubhy J mthus^
» . < , " » ■ . ■
Hypericum kalmianum. Virgiman Shrubby
Hyperic^fn. ' '
This grows Tiaturally- in -low Vfetplaccsi rifing
with flirubby ftalks to the height of three or four
feet, with oppofite angular branches.^ The leaves
are fmooth and ft aped like, thofe of Rofemary or
Lavender, The flowers terminate the branches in
fniall divided' cluftisrs of three or feven fjowers ; they
have each five very flendcr flyles, and are fucceeded
by oval, pointed capfules, filled with fmall feeds/
•,».
ILEX.
( 63 )
ILEX.
The H O L L Y -T R E E.
Clafs 4. Order 3. Tetrandria Tetragynia.
'T^Hfi Empalement is four toothed^ very fmall and permanent
^ TBe Corolla conijlls of one petal, four-parted and plane:
the divifions are roundifli, concave, fpreading, prettjr
large, and cohering by claws.
The FWments are four, awl-fliaped, and ihorter than the corol-
la. The Jnthera are fmall.
The Germen is roundiA. The Style none. The Stigmas ^t
four and obtufe.
The Seed-vejfel is a berry,^ roundifli and four cell'd.
The Seeds are folitary, bony, oblong, obtufe, gibbous on one
fide and angled on the other.
Obf. The flowers arc in fome fpecies male upon one plant, and
female and hermaphrodite upon a different plane.
The Species with us^ are^
I. Ilex Aquifolium. American Common HoUj.
This grows in Maryland, New Jerfey, &c. gene-
rally in moift ground, rifing to the height of fifteen
or twenty feet, with an ereft ftem, covered with a
greyifli coloured fmootb bark, and furnifiied witH
pretty many branches, which are garniflied with
thick, hard, cvcr-green leaves, waved on their edges
and indented, each point terminating in a ftiff prick-
ly fpine. The flowers are produced upon pretty
long footftalks, often three parted from the fides of
the branches, of a whi^e colour, having often five
or fix flamina, and the corolla divided into as many
parts, and arc fuccceded by roundilh berries, which
when full ri{)e are red. Of the bark of common
Holly is made Birdlime, which is better than that
made of Milletoe.
%^ Ilex
( 64 )
2. Ilex Cafllae* Daboon^ or Carolinian Holly.
This grows natuarally in Cairohna,. rifing with an
upright branching ftem to the height of eighteen or
twenty feet. The bark of the ftem is of a brown
colour, but that of the branches and young (hoots
green anli fmooth. Tbc leaves arc fpear-ffiapetf,
above four inches long and one and a quarter broad
toward the bafe, of a light green colour and thick
confidence, with their upper pajrts fa wed oa the
edges, each ferrature ending m a fmaill fiiarp fj»ne*
The flowers come out in thick cluftcrs^ from the ftdes
of the branches, they are white and Kke thofe of tbc
commoA Holly,, but fmailer,. and arc fucceeded t>y
fmall roundifh red berries.
3. Ilex canadenfis. Canadian^ or Hedge- hog
Holly.
' The leaves of this kind are not fo long as thofe
af the Common Hofly, but are armed with ftrongcr
fpines ftanding dofer together,, their uppex furfaces
are alfo fet very clofe ^ith fhoxt prickles,, froqi
whence it obtained the name of Hedge-hog Holly.
It grows naturally in Canada. There aw faid to be
twQ varieties of this with variegated leaves^ one of
which is yellow, the other white,
I T E A.
I T E A.
t
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogynia.
'X'HE Empalement is one leaved, five cleft, ereA, fharp point-
* ed, very fmall, and permanent ; the divifiws are acute and
coloured.
The
( 65 )
Tfae Citnlla has five petals, knce-ftaped, tang and inserted in
the calyx.
The Filameraf are five, awl-ihaped, ered, the length of the co*
rolla, and inferted into the calyx. The Anthere are rounds
ifli and incumbent.
The Gcrmen is ovate. The S^yh h cj^Iindrica!, permanent^ and
the length of the Stamina. The Stigma is obtufe.
The Sted-veffel \% a capfule. ovate, much longer than the calyx,
pointed with the ftyle, with one cell and two valves, of two
joined together, gaping ae the top.
The Seeds are numerous, very fmall, oblong, and ftining.
^ere is but one Species of this G^nusy vis.
Itea virginica. Virginian Itea.
This (lirub grows naturally in Maryland, Virginia,
&c. near ftreams of water, or in moift places; rifing
to the height of eight or ten feet, and dividing in-
to feveral branches, which are gamifhed with, fpear
(haped leaves, placed alternately, flightly fawed on
their edges, and of a light green colour. The flow-
ers arc produced at the extremity of the fame year's
Ihoots, in ereft fpikes of three or four inches in
length ; they are whi€e, and make a fine appearance
when in bloom, which is a little before harveft time.
J U G L A N S.
The W A L N U T - T R E E.
Clafs 21. Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria.
'T'HE Mak zxA Female Flowers are feparate upon the fame
•*■ tree.
* The Mcde, are dilpofed in an oblong katkin.
The Calyx is a common katkin, on all Udes imbricate-fparfed,
and cylindrical; confifling of fcales which are unifiorous,
iingly affixed in the exterior center to each corolla, and turn-
ed outward.
I The
t 66 )
The CoroUa is (ix^parted, elliptic, equal, and plane : the divf*
fions are fomewhat erefl and concavt, pediceird and infer ted
in the interior center of the corolla, and rachis.
The Fiiamems are many, (eighteen) very ihort. The Anthera
are ereft, fharp pointed, and the length of the calyx.
♦The Female are without a katkin, two or three together, and
fitting clofe, in the fame plant.
The Empalement is four cleft, ereft, very fliort, crowning the
germen, and vaniihing. ^
The Corolla is four parted, acute, ereft, and a little larger than
the calyx.
The Germen is oval, large, and beneath. The Styles are two,
very fhort. The Stigmas are very large, clubbed, reflexed,
and torn above.
The Seed-vejfel is a drupe, or capfule, dry, oval, large and one
ceird.
The Seed is a nut very large, roundifli, netted with furrows,
and half four ceird. The Kerrtel is four lobed and varioufly
furrowed.
^e Species (^or chiefly Varieties acccrding to Wcfton)
with ujf arey
I. JuGLANs nigra* Round black Virginian Walnut,
This tree often rifcs to the height of fifty or fiicty
feet, and to three feet or more in diameter, covered
with a dark furro^^d bark, and dividing into many
branches, furnifhed with winged leaves, compofed
of ten or twelve pair of lobes, and an odd one;
thefe are fmooth, oblong, fliarp pointed and fawcd
on their edges \ and upon being bruifed emit a ftrong
aromatic flavour, as doth alfo the external covering
of the fruit. The fruit are round, their covering
pretty fmooth, and foftifli when fully ripe. The
nuts themfelves are hard, netted and furrowed^ con-
taining fweet oily kernel.
2. JCGLANS
( 67 )
a. JuoLANs nigra 6blon^a. Black oblong fruited
Walnut.
This tree refembles the former fo as fcarcely to be
diflinguiihed from it, except by its fruit, which is
oblong or oval ; the (hells or coverings are rougher,
harder, and of a deeper green colour, The timber
of both forts is much ufed by Joiners, &c. in mak-
ing tables, drawers^ book and clock-cafes, &c«
Coffins are alfo generally made ot it. The bark,
and outer coverings of the nuts, are ufed in dying
vrool, cloth, &c.
There are perhaps fome other varieties of tbefe*
3. Jaoi^ANs oblonga alba. Buit^r^nuty or White
Walnut.
This often grows to the height of twenty or thirty
feet and to eighteen inches or more in diameter, with
a fmooth light coloured bark. The branches are
garnifhed with leaves compofed generally of eight
or nine pair of lobes and an odd one, which are
viilofe, oblong egg-(haped, (harp pointed, ilightly
ferrated, and larger than thofe of the other kinds.
The fruit, when ripe, is villous and covered with a
vifcid clammy fubftance, by which it almoft flicks
to the fingers when handled. It is long and fome*
what pointed at the endf, and freed of its hull, or
covering, is very rough and deeply furrowed, con-
taining a foft, oily, fweet kernel. An extraft of the
bark of this tree affords a mild and fafe cathartic.
The bark and Ihells of the nuts dye a good brown
colour, fcarcely ever fading.
4. JUGLANS
( 6« )
4. JuGftftLj^s alba acuminata. Z^ong^ jharp-fruiied
Hickcry Tree.
This tree grows to the height of forty or fifty
feet, and to eighteen inches or two feet m diameter.
The leaves are generally compofed of three or four
pair of fobes and an odd one. The nuts with their
covers are about two inches in length and above one
in diameter. The covers, or huHs, generally open
into four parts, difclofing their nuts, which arc
white, hard and thick fliell'd, having feams oppo-
fitc the divifions of their hulls. The Kernel is imall
and not very fweet.
5. JuGLANS alba minima. Whiter or Fig-nut Hickery.
This generally grows pretty large, fometimesLto
the height of eighty feet or more, and above two
feet in diameter. The bark of young trees is fmooth,
but when older becomes rough and furrowed. The
leaves are generally compofed of five pair of lobes
and an odd one, which are moftlj narrower than
thofc of many other kinds. The ff uit is fmall and
roundifli, and covered with a ve^ thin hu& or co-
vering, opening in divifions. The fhell of the nut
is alfo very thin, and eafily cracked with the teeth;
the kernel plump and full but very bitter. The
timber of this is not much efteemed.
6. JuQLANs alba odorata. Balfam Hickery.
This tree grows as large as the Pig-nut Hickery,
and much like it in appearance. The nuts are fmall,
round, and thin fliell'd, the kernel fweet. The
branches are flender and flexible. There is, lYhink,
a variety of this, with a rougher furrowed bark,
bearing broader leaves and larger nuts, having
thicker
( % )
thicker outer covers, as well as inward (hells, with
the kernel generally (mail and Ihriveiled. The tim-
ber of both kinds is hard and tough, and ufed for
axle-trees of carriages, &c. mill coggs and rounds,
andalfo for handles, &c. for mod implements of
huibandry.
»
7* JuQXiAHs alba o^ata. SMI-barked Hiciery.
This tree delights in a rich moid foil, generally
growing by creeks and rivers, often to the height
of feventy or eighty feet, and above two feet io
diameter. The bark is rough and ihelly or fcaly.
The leaves arc generally compofed of two pair of
lobes and an odd one, they arc narrowed towards
the bafe, oval, and pointed at the extremity, and
fawcd on their edges. The fruit is roundiih, but
rather flatted and indented at the ends. The outer
cover very thick and dividing into four parts, dif-
clofmg its nut, which is not very thick flicll'd, con-
talning fweet kernel, preferable to the other kinds*
There arc feveral varieties of this in America, fome
with nuts as large as our common Walnuts.
8. JuGLANS pecan. The Pecan, or Illinois Hickery.
This tree is faid to grow plenty in the neighbour-
hood of the Illinois river, and other parts to the
weftward. The young plants raifed from thefe nuts,
much refemble our young Pig-nut Hickerys* The
nuts are fmall and thin fhelled*
JUNIPERUS.
( 70 )
J U N I P E R U S.
The JUNIPER TREE.
Clafs 22. Order 12. Dioecia Monodelphia.
TPHE Flowers are Jfafe and Female on different plants.
-■■ * The Male.
The Cidp: is a conical katkin, confiding of a common racbis or
firing, to which three flowers are placed in triple oppofition,
the katkin terminating with the tenth : each flower has for
Jts bafe a Scale which is broad, fhort, incumbent and affixed
* to the column by a little footfl:alk.
The Corolla none.
The Filaments (in the terminal floret) ate three, awl-fhaped,
and joined beneath in one body; (in the lateral florets fcarce
manifeft.) The Jntherce are three, diflinft in the terminal
floret, but in the lateral joined to the fcales
♦ The Female,
The Empalemera is three parted, very fmall, adjoining to the
germen, and permanent.
llie Corolla has three petals, permanent, rigid and acute.
TheGefmen is beneath. The Styles are three, Ample. The
Stigmas are Ample.
The Seed-vejfel is a berry, fle£hy, roundifh, the under part mark-
ed with three obfolete oppoflte tubercles, grown from the
calyx, the top umbiUcated with three fmall teeth (formerly
petals.)
The Seeds arc three, fmall, oblong, and bony, convex on one
fide, and angled on the other.
^be Species, with ttSy are,
X. JuNiPERUS virginiana. Red Cedar-Tree.
This tree often grows to the height of fifteen or
twenty feet, fending oflF many diverging branches,
covered with leaves fomething like the Juniper, but
much fmaller, (horter, and lying clofcr to the
branches. The berries are fmaller than thofe of the
Juniper,
( 71 )
Juniper, and covered with a whitifh fubftancey eafily
rubbing ofiF.
2. JuNiPERUs caroliniana. Red Carolinian
Cedar.
This tree much refembles the former in (ize and
fhape, but the under leaves have fomewhat the ap-
pearance of Juniper, the upper, of Cyprefs or Savin.
There are faid to be other varieties, but their differ-
ence in appearance is fcarcely obfervable. The
timber affords very good durable polls for fencing,
&c.
K A L M I A.
KALMIA, or AMERICAN LAUREL.
Clafs lo. Order i. Decandria Monpgynia.
THE Empalcment is five parted, fmall, and permaDent : the
fegments are fomewhat ovate, and acute.
TheCoroUais of one petal, pitcher- funnel form. The tube is cy-
lindrical and longer than the calyx. The border with a plane
diik, and ere6b half five cleft circumference; there are ten
fmall neflariferous horns, prominent without, and placed
round the corolla from where the border is raifed.
The Filaments are ten, awl-fliaped, fomewhat fpreading, a lit-
tle fhorter than the corolla, and inferted into its bafe. The
Anthem are fimple.
The Germen is roundifh. The Style is thread form, longer than
the corolla, and declined. The Stigma is obtufe.
The Seed'vejfel is roundifli, depreffed, five ceU'd and five valv*d.
The Seedi are numerous.
Tbe Species are^
I. Kalmia
( 72 )
I. Kalmia anguftifolii. Narrow leaved
Kaltnia.
This kind delights in moift or fwampy places, and
rifes to the height of two feet or more. The leaves
arc of a light green colour, and fometimes grow to
the fize of an inch and a half in length and half an
inch in breadth, or an oval fhape^ and entire. The
flowers come out in clufters on every fide of the
ftalksy towards their extremities, and are of a beau*
tiful red colour. This has been called Glaucous
leaved Kalmia.
2. Kalmia latifolia. Broad leaved Kalmia.
This beautiful flowering fhrub rifes often to the
height of fix or eight feet and fometimes to ten or
twelve, covered witb^a lightifli coloured rough bark,
and generally growing crooked. The leaves are of
a dark green colour, thick confiftencei lance-ihaped
and e"htirc, in general about three inches in length
and one in breadth. The flowers are produced in
clufters at the ends of the branches and are variegat-
ed with red when firft opening, but change to a
whiter colour when expanded. There ate very few
flowering Ihrubs comparable to this when in bloom.
The leaves are noxious to oxen and ibeep^ yet the
deer eat them with impunity.
L A U R U S.
The B A Y - T R E E.
Clafs 9. Order i . Enneandria Monogynia. •
THE Empalement is wanting.
The Corolla has fix petals, ovate, fliarp pointed,' concavq,
and ereft : the alternate exterior. -^ '
And
( 73 )
And a lt$Smium, coBOftlof of tbrqe tubercles, iharp palnc*
edy colpured, and etiding in twq briiUes, landing round
the germen.
The FHaments are nme, fliorter than the corolla, compreflTed,
obtufe and three-fold in each order. The Anthent are ad-
joined on Qacb fide to the raargin of the filaments.
There. are two roundiih fmall Qlands aflSxed by very fhort
footftalks, to each filament of the inward order, near the
bafe.
The Gormen is fomewhat ovate. TheS^^fis ilmple, equal and
the length of the ftamina. The Stigma Is obtufe and oblique.
The S€84'Ve£fel is.a drupe, oval, iharp pointed, and one cell'di
contained in the calyx.
The Seed is a nut of a fharp pdinted egg-fhape, with a kernel
of the fame form.
Obf. The fiowerfi are fometimes male and female npon^iJitfer-
ont trees.
The Species, w/lit usy are^
1. Laurus Benzoin. The Benjamin^TreCy at
Spice-Wood.
This (hrub grows naturally in moift places, and
rifes often to the height of eight or ten feet, diyid*
ing into fevcral branches. The leaves are annual,
oval fhapcd and entire. The flowers are produced
from the (ides of the branches upon fligrt footftalks,
often dividing and fuftaining from one, to four or
five flowers, of a greenifli yellow colour j which arc
fuccecded by oval, oblong berries, of a red colouir
when ripe, but changing to black. The bark, ber-
ries, &c. have a ftrong aromatic fmell, much like
that of Benzoin, and indeed, by fome, is allowed
to be the tree, from whence it is produced.
2. Laurus Borbonla. Red-Jialked Carolinian
Bay "Tree.
This grows naturally in CarpHna, and rifcs with a
ftrai^ht trunk tg a confidcrable height^ cfpecially
K n<5«r
( 74 )^
near the fea-coaft. The leaves arc Iharp poiAted an^
much longer than thofe of the European ]^ay.; a
little wooly underneath, veined tranfverfely, and
" fonocwhat rcflcxed on their edges. The male trees
produce their flowers in long bunches from the wings
of the leaves ; the female, in loofc bunches, {land-
ing upon long red footftalks, and are fucceeded by
blue berries fitting in red cups.
The wood is of a very fine grain, proper for ca-
binet making and other ornamcnital furtiiturc* It
alfo dies a beautiful black colour.
3 . L A u K-vs geniculata . Carolinian Spice Wood
Tree.
This kind fo much rcfcmbles the Benzoin as to
require no further dcfcription, except in having b|r-
ries not of fo red a colour.
4. Laurus Saffafras. The Saffafras-Tree.
This tree rifes fometimes to the height of twenty
or thirty feet, and to twelve or fifteen inches in di-
ameter, but is commonly of much lower growth.
The bark of the young Ihoots h fmooth and green,
but of the old trunks roughs furrowed and of a
lightiih colour. It is divided towards the top into
many branches, generally crooked, furnifhed with
JeavQS different in form and fize, fome being oval
and entire, others two or three lobed and of fire
or fix inches in length, and nearly as much in width;
of a light green colour and placed alter nately.ijipon
pretty lopg footftalks. The flowers are produced
at the extremity of the former year's (hoots upon
long panicled footftalks, and are generally male and
feniale upon different trees. The female are Suc-
ceeded by oblong, oval berries, of ia bluilh cjilour
when
( 75 )
»
when ripey fitting in i^ed cups, having red footftalkg.
The roots and wood have been long ufcd as a fudo-
rific, but the bark of the root is by much the ftrong-
eft, yielding a confiderable quantity of hot, aromat«
ic oil ; and when powdered and joined with other
febrifuges, has been given with fuccefs in intermit-
tents, &c. Alfo ufed as a tea, is faid to promote
obftrufted menfes ; but has been blamed for occafi-
oning the head-ach.
LEDUM.
MARSH CISTUS, or WILD ROSEMARY.
Clafs lo. Order i. Decandria Monogynia.
THE Empalemeta is of one leaf, very fmall, and five-tooth-
ed.
The Corolla confifts of five petals, « ovate, concave, and fproad-
ing.
The Filaments are ten, thread-form, fpreading and the length
of the corolla. The Araherce are oblong.
The Oefmen is roundifh. The %/e thread-form and the length
of the flamina. The Stigma is obtufe.
The Seed'vejfel is a capfule, roundifh, five-cell 'd and gaping in
five parts 8C che top.
-The Seeds, aro numeroiK, . oblong, . narrow, acute each way and
very flender.
The Species with usy but one, viz.
"Ledum thymifolium. Thyme leaved Marjh
s . , Cijius.
• This grows naturally in the Jerfeys, in low, moift
places. It is a fmall ever-green flirub, fcarcely rif-
jing above eighteen inches or two feet in height and
divided into feveral branches. The leaves are very
fmall, entire, of an oblong oval fliape, and thick
^ ' confiftencc,
( 76 >
cdftfiftefict, placed cbfe, alternately, and thick npr
ofk the t)f anches. The fi^wer^ tbrafinate the ftltiks
in ftiOtt }ea% bunchei, toming out finglf ctt the
bofom of tbe leaves upon ptietty long footftalks;
they are fttiali and white but make a fine appearance
whfen in b)oom^ This has generally beeit calted
Thyme4ea^cd Kalmia.
L I QU I P A M B A R.
LIQUIDAMBAR, or SWEET GUM-TREE.
• . • - ^ ,
Clafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria.
* 'T*HE Male Flowers are numerous in a conical, long, loofe
•^. *a<]tih» .
The Calyx is a common Involacrum of four leaves ; which are
ovate, concave^ andMIing; the alcirnate fltortcr .
The CoroUa none.
Tiie FUamefnts are nomerous, and voTy flrort, in a bodp, plane
on one fide and contex on the other: The Anthivct are ered,
twin, fottr forro^w^ tnd two celPd*
"^The FemcAe flowers are colleiftod m^ globe attbebafe of the
maie fpikes.
The Calyx is an Involucri^m as in the male, tat dotibie*
Titc hrtsper Empalement is beil-Aape, 'angled, warty, and m»>^
ny joined together.
The Corolla none.
The Getmen Is Oblong and adjoined to the empalement. The
Styles are two, awl-fhaped. The iS^^of joined to (hefe are
thQ length of the ftyle, recurved and downy.
The Seed'VeJJel copfifis of as many capfules as empalemeot*,
which are ovate, oblong, iharp pointed, with one cell and
two valves at top; joined in a ligneous globe*.
The Seeds are few, (one or two) oblong, pointed and iliitung;.
roiled with many branny corpufcles.
The Species with us, are,
J, LlQUIDAMB^
( 7T )
i^hi QUI DAMMAR Sty raciflu*. MapMeaved
Liquidatnbar'-Tree^ or Swe^t Gum.
This ^ree growc naturally in low clayey groundy
rifing vzith a ftraigbt trunk to the height of forty
feet or more» fending off many branches, fbrmkig
a pyramidal head* The leaves are angular, fomc-
wh*t rtfembling thofe of Mapte, having five and
often feven, pointed,. fcrratcd,Jbrcading lobes; and
arc of a dark green colour* They have a ftrong,
fweet, glucinoos fubftance, exuding through their
pores in warm weather, n^nderiup them clammy tt>
the toudi. The flowers arc produced early in the
fpring, and are fucceeded by globular feed-velTels,
compoled trf* many capfules joined at the bafe, but
terminating in long foftifh fpines or points, and con-
taining each one or two oblong comprcffed, winged
feeds, with a great number of fnrfaraceous partides,
I
51. LiqtJiDAMBAR afplenifolia* Spken-worUleaved
Gahy cr Shrubby Sweet fern*
This is a fmall (hrub, growing naturally upon dry
flaty ridges, and fcldom rifine above three feet high,
dividing into feveral branches, furnifhed with many
obkmg iMvesi alternately fituated, refembling thofe
iof Spleen Wort ; of a dark green colour, hairy un-
derneath and fitting dofe to the ftalks. The male
teiilkins are produced lying clofe to the. frtiall branch-
es near their ends. The Temale flowers are in fmall
Jieads a little beneath them, becoming fmall burs,
gentratty containing two or more oblong fmeoth
feeds« An infufion of the leaves has been ufed as an
aftrii^g^nt in Diarrl^aeas, izc
- «
LIRIODENDRUM.
( 7^ >
L I R I O D E N D R U M.
• *
The T U L I P - T R E E.
Clafs 13. Order 7. Polyandria Polygynia.
'T' H E Calyx cohfifis of a proper Involucrum of two leaves ;
"■- which are triangular, plane and deciduous.
And an Smpalemefa of three leaves; oblong, concave^
fpreading, petal-form, and deciduous.
The CoroUa has fix (^often more) petals, beird; the petals are
fpatuled, oblong, obtufe and variegated.
Tht'Filameias are numerous, ihorter than the corolla, linear,
n and infer ted in the receptacle. The Arahere are linear, and
adjoined longitudinally to the fides of the filaments.
The Germen are numerous, placed in a cone. The Styk none.
The Stigmas globofe.
The Seed-veJJel hone. The feeds are imbricated in a cone like
body.
The- Seeds are numerous, ending in a lanced fcale; near the
bafe of the fcale, fending oflF from the interior fide, an acute
angle, compreffed at the bafe and acute, by which they are
joined to the fpindle-fliaped receptacle.
r
The Species with «x, are^
LiRioDENDRUM TuKpifera. Virginian Tulif-'
^Tree.
This often grows to the fize of a large tree, of
fcventy or eighty feet in height and above four feet
in diameter. The bark of young trees is foiQOth,
but as they grow old it becomes furrowed, their
lower branches alfo falling off. The yoting trees
fend off many branches, almoft from the ground
upward, garniftied with broad fmooth leaves, heart-
fbaped at the bafe, but end-bitten, or cut, at the ex-
tremity, having two or three pointed lobes, on each
fide the midrib j of a dark green colour on the upper
fide.
( 79 )
fide, buOigbter and veined underneath; vi'ith pretty
long footftalks. The flowers are produced at the
extremity of the branches in form of a Tulip, com-
pofed of fix or feven petals, or fometimes morQ,
greenifh cc^oured towards the tops, but marked
tranfvcrfely with red, towards the claws; which arc
.glandular and honey-bearing. . The ^ young trees
make a beautiful appearance, efpecially when in flow-
er. We have two kinds of Tulip trees, viz. Yellow
and White, their diflference eafily diftinguifliable by
the wood or timber, but perhaps not otherwifc. The
Yellow is fott and brittle, and much ufed for boards,
heels for {hoes, &c. alfo turned into bowls, trench-
crs» &c. The white is heavy, tough, and hard, and
likewife fawed into joifts, boards, &c* for building.
The bark of the root is ufed as an ingredient m
bitters, &c.
L O N I C E R A.
HONEYSUCKLE, or WOODBINE.
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Mpnpgynia^
THE Empalement is five parted, above and fmall.
The Corolla is of one petal and tubulous. The tube ob-
long and gibbofe. The border five-parted; the divifi-
ons revolute, and one deeper f^arated than the reft.
The PilnmentSfaTe five, awl-fhaped and nearly the length of the
corolla. The Anthera are oblong.
rThe<r^f«ifii is roundifli and beneath. Th^ St^le is thread-form
and die length of the corolla. The Stigma is obtafe-hcaded.
The Seed-yeffel is a berry> umbilicated and two celPd. < ^
The Sjseds are ioundi£fi and compreffed.
T^e' Specie^, i/uitb us^ (^according to Linuaeus'j ar-
rdn^ementj are divided as folkwsy into.
'I,
Honeyfuckles
( «o )
^* flqn^fucUes with a trmling JIM^
1. LoKiCERA caroliniana. Carolinian fearlet
Trumpet'ifloivered Honejfkcklt^
This is a variety of the following^ only differing
jki having finaller leaves and flowers.
2. LoNiC£iLA virginiana. Virgimaa fcarUt Haney*
fuckle.
This hath a fhrubby trailing ftalk, which requires
fnpport, and appears much like the comnioA Honey-
fuckle, but the (hoots are weaker. The inferior
leaves are inverfe Qgg-fhaped, of a deep green co-
lour on their upper fides, but whitiih underneath,
fitting clofe to the branches; but thofe near the ends
of the branches, are joined, forming fometimes a
large fomewhat quadrangular leaf, but moftly a
fmaller concave oval one. The flowers arc produced
in whorls upon a long naked ftalk terminating the
branches, having long fearlet tubes with -ftiort bor-
ders. The lower leaves in warm fituations arc evcir
green.
5. LoNiCERA fempervirens. Ever-green Hon^fuckk.
This is faid to grow in Virginia, with ftrong
branches^ covered with a purple bark, and garnifh-
ed with lucid green leaves, continuing their verdure
all the year. The flowers arc produced in manner
of the former, of a bright red on their butfides and
yellow within, and continuing in fucceifion from
June till autumn*
* •
Dwarf
( Si )
* ♦ lytparf Cherries with bifiorous fbotjtalks.
4. LoMiCERA canadeniis. Canadian dwarpcherry
HoneyJuckU.
(Barcram*8 Catalogue.)
This is a native of Canada, riling with an ere£l
flirubby ftalk to the height of about five feet. The
leaves are oval (haped, entire, of a very thin tex-
ture and lucid green colour. The flowers terminate
the branches, fitting two upon each footftalk, of a
pale yellow colour, ftreakcd with purple, and ap-
pearing pretty early in the fpring.
* * • With an ereSl Jialk^ and muhtftorous fooiflalhm
5. LoNiCERA Diervilla. Tellow Jl9wering Diervilla*
This hath flcnder Ihrubby ftalks, feldom rifing
above two feet and a half high, and generally lean-
ing; furniihed with fomewhat heart-fhaped, oblong,
ibarp-pointed leaves, flightly fawed on their edges,
placed oppofite, and fitting clofe to the ftalks. The
flowers are produced at the extremity and fometimes
from the fides of the branches, generally two or
three together, upon fliort footftalks ; they are of a
cream colour, the inferior fcgiment of the flower
fomewhat larger and yellower than the others ; they
arcrflicceeded by oblong capfules, containing fmall
feeds* This grows moft natural upon mountains,
aad fpreads much by its creeping roots.
6. LoNic£RA marylandica. Maryland fcarlet L^ni-
" cera.
This, it is faid, grows in Maryland with an up-
right ftalk, furniflied with ovate, oblongs fliarp-
L pointed
( ^2 )
pointed lesiVes, which are diftin£): and (it clofe to the
flalks. The flowers are produced in ere£t fpikes of
a fcarlet colour.
7. LoNicfiRA Symphoricarpos# Indian Currants^
or St. Peter's ff^ort.
This hath a fhrubby ftallj^, which rifes from four
to five feet high and fpreads into many flender branch-
es, garniihed with oval entire leaves, fomewhat
hairy and placed oppofite upon fhort footftallks.
The flowers are fmall and of an herbaceous colour,
and are produced upon fliort, common peduncles,
or footftalks^ which are placed oppofite a conderable
diftaoce along, and terminating the branches ; upon
w^ich they are fct very clofe in whorls, or rather in
two oppofite rows. A few of thefc are fucceeded
by reddifli, deprcflfed, hollow and fpongy berries ;
ripening very late, and each generally containing
two fmall round comprefled feeds. This often fends
off a few weak trailing branches lying upon the
ground and taking root^ by which it may be eafily
propagated.
MAGNOLIA.
The LAUREl^LEAVED TULIP-TREE.
Clafs 13. Order 7. Polyandria Polygynia.
THE Empahmmt is three leaved : the leaves ovate, concave,
petal form and deciduous,
"the Corolla has nine petals, oblong, concave, obtufe, and nar-
rower at the bafe.
The Filaments are numert)us, fliort, fliarp pointed, acd com-
prefled ; inferted beneath the germen in the common recep-
tacle of the ftyles. The Amhera are linear and adjoined on
each fidQ to the margin of the filaments.
The
( S3 )
The Germen are numerous, ovate-oblong, covering tbecfubbetf
receptacle. The Styles are recurved, -contorted and very
ihort. The Stigmas ^e ftom one end of the'ftyle to the
other, and villofe.
The Seed-vejfel is an ovate cone, covered with capfules^ which
are comprefled, roundifli, fcarce imbricated, crowded, acute,
one^ ceird, two Vaiv*d, feflile, gaping outward and perma-
nent
The Seeds are folitary, roundifli, berried, and hanging by a
thread from the bofom of each fcale of the cone.
The Species arey
1. Magnolia acuminata. Long leaved Mountain
Magnoliay or Cucumber Tree*
This tree grows fometimes to the height of thirty
or forty feet, and to eighteen inches or more in di-
ameter ; dividing into fevcral branches towards the
^opj garniflied with large, oblong, Iharp-pointcd
leaves. The flowers come out early in the fpring
and are compofed of twelve large bluifli coloured
petals. The feed-veflels are about three inches long,
fomewhat refembling a fmall Cucumber; from whence
the inhabitants where it grows natural, call it the
Cucumber-tree.
2. Magnolia glauca. Small Magnolia^ or Swamft
Sqffafras*
This grows naturally in low, moift, or fwampy
ground, often to the height of fifteen or twenty
fe6t ; covered with a whitifh fmooth bark, and di-
viding into fevcral branches; furniftied with entire,
oblong, oval leaves, of a dark green on their upper
furfacc, but whitifli and a little hairy underneath.
The flowers are produced at the ends of the branch-
es, compofed of fix concave, white petals, of an
agreeable fmell; and are fugccedcd by oval, or fome-.
what
( 84 )
what conical feed-veiTels, of am inch or more Wi length
and three fourths of an incb in diameter f complied
of many capfules, .which open and difcbarge their
feeds when ripe, hanging bv {lender urhite thready
of a red colour, and near the fi^e of a frtiaU bean^
The fecdi and bark have been ufed with iiome fac-
cefs in the cure of Rheumatifm, &c.
3« MAGNOt.iA grandiflora. Ever-green Laurel-lenV''
ed Tulip-Tree*
This grows naturally in Florida and South Caroli-
na, fometimes to the height of eighty feet or more,
with a ftraight trunk of two feet or more in diame-
ter J having a regular head. The leaves are ever-
grceuy of a thick confiftence, pretty large, oblong,
pointed, and entire: of a lucid green on the upper
fide, and fometimes of a ruflet, or buff colour on
the under. The flowers are produced at the ends
of the branches \ they are very large, and compofed
of eight or ten oblong white petals, narrowed to-
wards the bafe, but broad, rounded, and a little
waved at their extremities. They are fucceeded by
oblong, conical feed-velTels, difclofmg their feeds
after the manner of the other fpecies. This is allow-
ed to be one of the mod beautiful ever-green trees
yet known, but is impatient of cold.
4. Magnolia tripetala. Tb^ UfnbtiUa Tree.
This grows pretty frequent in Carolina^ and fomc
parts ofi Pennfylvania ; ufually to th^ height of fix^
teen or twenty feet, with a flendcr trunk, covered
with a fmooth bark, and dividing into feveral branch«-
es. The leaves are very large and entircf ofteit from
twelve to fifteen inches or more in length, and five or
fix in width, narrowing to a point at each extremity ^
placed
( 8s )
placed at the ends of the branches in a circular man-
ner, fomewhsit f efemblmg an umbrella i from whence
it obtained its name. The flowers are compofed of
ten^ or eleven, large^ oUosg, white petals, the
exterior ones hanging down ; and are fucceeded by
oblong, conical feed-vcflels, betweca three and four
inches in length, and about one and a half in diame-
ter, growing reddifli and difclofmg their feedSy whea
ripe, after the fame manner of the others* There
are faid to be two other fpccies in the foutherA ftates.
MENISPERMUM.
MOONSEED.
Clafs 22. Order lo. Dioecia Decandria*
THE Flowers arc Male and Female upon feparate plants.
* The Male.
The Empalement is two leaved r the leaves are linear and fhort.
The Corolla has four exterior petals, which are o^ste, fpt^zditi^
and equal. And eight interior leffcr ones, ovate and concave.
The Filaments are fixteen (or more) cylindrical and rather long-
er th^ the corolla. The Arkthifa are terminal^ very fhorc,
and obtufe four iobed.
* The Female^ on a diflFerent plant.
The Empdement as in the Male.
The Coreila as the Male.
The Filaments eight, like the male. The Jtithere arc pellucid
and barren.
The GerfHen are two, ovate, Inctirved, winking and pedicell'd.
The Styles are folitary, very ihort and recurved. The Stig-
mas are bifid and obtufe.
The Seed-veJU'els arc two berries, roundiiK-kidney form and one
ceird.
The Seeds are folitary, large, and kidney form, or fomewhac
orbicular and comprelTed.
Obf. The Canadian has an Empalement and Corolla of fix leaves,
alfo Qx (lamina and three uyles.
ne
i &6 )
The Species with us^ are^
I . M £ N I s p £ R M u M canadenfe* Canadian Moon-'
Jeed.
This hath a thick} ligneoua root, fending up ma-
ny twining ftalks, twifting themfelves round the
neighbouring trees for fupport, becoming woody,
and rifing to the height of ten or fifteen feet. Thefe
are furnifhed with large, fmooth, roundifh, angled
leaves, having pretty long footflalks placed on their
under fides, making a hollow, or appearance of a
navel on the upper fide. The flowers come out in
loofe bunches from the fides of the ftalks ; they are
fmall, of an herbaceous colour, and compofedof fix
oblong petals, fix fliort ftamina, and three ftyles
arifing from as many germen ; which become three
channelled berries, each containing one fomewhat
circular comprefled feed. *
2. M.E NisPERMUM caroUnum. Carolinian
Moonfeed.
This is much fmaller and weaker than the other,
fcarccly becoming fhrubby. The leaves are fmaller^
entire, heart-fhaped, and villous underneath.
3. Me NISPERMUM virginicum. Virginian
Moonfeed.
This much refembles the Canadian kind, the,
leaves are target-form, heart-fliaped and lobed. '^^^^
MESPILUa
( 8^ )
M E S P I L U S. . .
The M E D L A R - T R E E. '
Clafs 12* Order 4. Icdfandria Pentagynia.
.' -, "I
^HE Empalemera is one leaved, concavt-fpreading^ five toatb-
-■' ed, and permanent.
The Corolla has Hve petals, roundifli, concave, and inferred in
the calyx. ^ '.r ..■:' '
The FiUmems are twenty y awlAaped and infer ted in the calyx.
The An^herm are iimple. / .
The Germen is beneath. The Stjles afe five, (often lefs) Omplc
and er eft. The Stf^max are headed.
The Seed-veffel is a berry, globofe, imbilicated, and covered
with the calyx, but fomewhat perforated at the apex.
The Seeds are five, bony and gibbous.
The Species, "witA us^ are^
* Armed with Thorns
1. Mespilus coccinea. Cockfpur^HawtboriL
This rifcs generally to the height of ten or twelve
feet, with a pretty ftrong ftem, dividing into feveral
branches, which arc armed with ftrong thorns, bent
downwards like a cock's fpur. The leaves are fome-
what oval, but fpreading into angles, fawe4 ort their
edges, and fmooth. The flowers come out ait the
extremities and fides of the branches in umbels;
they are pretty large and are fucceeded by fruit near-
ly as large as a fmall cherry and of a fine red colour
when ripe.
*• There is a variety of this without thorns, wi*h
, leaves deeper fawed on their edges, and not fo deep-
ly veined, otherwife of the fame growth and ap-
pearance.
!• Mespilus
( »8 )
2. Mespilus Cms gadi. Pear UavedTbom.
This rifes wiih a ftroogr ftem to the height of ^^f!-
teen or twenty feet, fending off many long ,^^and of-
ten ocATly horizontal) branches,, armed with long,
fharp thorns. The leaves are of an oblong, oval
ihape^ or often narrowed towards the bafe, fiirfed
OR their edges, fmooth, and of a deep, (hining green
colour, and thick confidence. The flowers come
out late, and are produced in fmall clufterg at t»he
ends of the branches. The fruit are of a middliiig
fii:e and of a dark or dirty reddifh colour.
Obf* The flowers Ijave frequently but one ftyle.
3. Mrspilus cuneiformis. Wedge leaved MeJ^
pilus. .
This grows often to the height of twenty feet or
more, with a ftrong ftem of five or fix inches in di-
ameter, covered with a dark rough bark, dividing
info many branches, and armed with Jong fliarp
thorns. The leaves arc fmooth, wedge, or inverfc-
cgg-fliaped, and pointed ; flightly and fomewhat
doubly ferrated towards their extremities, of a fhin-
ing greei^ colour on their upper furface and veined
with oblique parallel veins. The flowers are pro-
duced in (mail clutters at the ends of the branches
and are fucceeded by middle fized reddifh fruit.
> - » ■ .
4. Mespilus Azarolus major^ Great AtHtrolcj
or Haivthom.
This kind frequently rifes to the height of twelve
or fifteen feet, with a ftrong ftem covered with a
lighiifh rough bark, dividing into many branches^
and armed with many long thorns. The leaves are
larger
. (/ 8^ );
larger than thofe of the other kinds, (bmewhat egg«
fhaped, but toothed or. angledv.iftVed on their edg^s,
f and much veined. The flowers are produced in
umbels at the extremity of the. branches . and arc
[ fucceede(i bV large fruity ..of a dar£;;red colour.
5*JM£siplii-i;i;Aziralus i^iiior.; Smaller Aza--
rite hto'!^B<A<^e appearance cl thelaft, but is
fm^lter in>^r6^ttti le^yes^ a«dl^tii|i'^
■ s . * '^. I I • •' ' > ' rr / • » * f • r ' . , -■ > ■' ' , . ,
.,;i....v'.. v.ij»>. x'^A.JjkJ^ ., -jaij i'.' . -. .1 *.-
vidiog^ iQtai«v£ra] branches , and .pmed .'wiih inarp
fuA* ; -t* Jic, leave? are ibmjs^ij^ jqgg-ihaj)e4,. bt^
acutely toothed .and f?twcd pn; tij!^|r edges. The
flowers are jproduced' a&, in die otha: kinds au^ a^e
fuiqcecded by,tri{ddling fizedfrui£j,^;pf agxecniJ9ty<^^
low cdour wlicn.r^, \. V ^; .; .V . . n / .^/^
7. Mespi l us apiifolia. Virginian Parjley leav^,
■ .\ " id Mjtjpidux^ \ . • ' '- •■ i v .0
This is generally of low* '^o^h, rifing pefhkp^
to the height of fivie or fix fefei^fiand armed ;i«ith t
: * few iharp thorns. The leaves arafmall^ fhining and
much cut or divided on their cdgea. The, fruit latc
%all and red coloured* » vi j
. f .
** Wttboat
til
a 90' J)
»« -/^ n» # ,'• • '•
f * *
i .
• * t
'..■:*Jt rJRtiaiit Siaatui '.'.■■
!,• (. ■.!
V * - *
ii
8. Mespilus niv^a. Early rip^^ Efiufek}'\
fruited Medlar^ or wild Service.*'
twenty feet, divi4iei;\<ilM:9 feycra) j^anchcs, which
are without thorns, and covered with a fmooth,
whitifti,, ^t4p4 Wr-fe^r . Thciksfrtjs.wjfiC^f .^IP obllQiig
oval; pointed, fligfe^^»4 ^me^t^rat^, hwnf:
and whitifh at their firit appearance, but becoming
fmoi^th aipid of a dark^recn, elg^cially upon^fbeis;
upper fides. The flowers?* ar^ proSuccd from the
fides of the fmall bVanthcs in loofc bunches or pa-
ni$:les, (^f ^ fnowy wh^ite colour, and arc fuccccded
by^ fr&i^' ircar the fi^edf'a'-Goofe-bertr, whrch ire
f&"ft/^^dfcctllent;yMeet Meet, 'and ^purpfeh coloured
wft|p,n tipc. * llifc fibwieSrs. of thts come" out bcfdrc' the
le^^^s are eiparidedv perfcdljr whitc^,^ and'tHick itx
iipbiij the braiiches, makmg a fine appearance. The
ftult'^ts ripe in jdnc, pretty large and* pJain agreear
ble tafte. There is a varietyiof this* of fraallcr
growth, but of the fame appearance.
« ^»
• » <•
\.
9. M E s p I L us pruoifolia. PJumb leaved Medlar.
"" .IPfaiil grows ndturally^ini moift }^hjt:fi% rifing with
fldndcr'flems to/th^Jiaight cf fix oiv eight feet^ di-
viding -into bat Tcw^ branches: and -without tbor^ns.
T&aileaves are kivcrfe cgg-fhjLpedy painted, flightly
ferratcd, of a dark green on their upper furfac
but lighter and downy underneath. The flowe
are produced at the extremity of the branches
clufters, and are fucceeded by fmall fruit of a da
purplilh colour when ripe. •
The.
There is st variety of this, generally rifing but to
the height of , mo or tKHe : feot. : The fruit arc
Ibmewhat larger and of the fame colour, but other-
wife much refembling the titbeiu
io.Mespilus canadenfis . Dnvctrf red fruit-
ed Medlar^ :
This rifes to the height of four or five fttt, wkh
llender fmdoth ftems, much referiibliAg the laft de-
fcribed, except in having fruit of a red coIqui when
ripe. There is alfo a variety of thi^ of ftnaller
groi^h, whkh pfodiietd fr^tt bi « bie^ilitiful red co-
rour.
Obf. The chara^r^ oi the Crataegus and Mef]^l-
lus diflFer fo immaterially that, I fliould fuppofe, they
might be reduced to tme Genus, with niuch greater
propriety than the Beech and Chefnut. They are
Genera in which H3[)uch confufion prevails amongft
Botanical writers, fome daffing mod of the Species
under the Crataegus, others the fame Species under
the Mefpilus ; neither is it eafy to determifie to Dl^hich
they, withmoft ptopricty^ belong. I haVe frequent-
ly obfervcd in fome Species ftom one to three ftyles,
in others from three to fivc^ but not hliviil^ obferved
any to be conftant with tw^, agreeably to the cha-
racter of the CrataQgus, have ranged none under
that GcQUs. We have, native of thefe fl^tes^ feve^
ral Specks of Mefpilus, and a great nuqiber of Fn-
rieties^ which, until better dift^timinated and lafcer*
♦•^incd^ can never be described with any degree of
:curacy, ». .
MITCHELLA.
(» 9^' y
1 « • «
MIT C H'E L.Li A. .
> '• • . • • I . ♦ 1 »* " • ■ .
M I T C H EiL L A;.
Clafs 4. Order I. Tctrandria Monogynia.
T^HE Flowers are twin, or two fitting upon the fame bfiid;
and each jiaving an Empalement, four parted, ereft, per-
manent and above.
A Corolla of one petal, funnel form. The tube cylindrical; the
. border four-parted, fpreadiHg and hairy within.
And fo(ir Filaments, thread-form, ereft, and within the bofom
of the corolla. With Anthetce obloDg, and acute.
The Germen is twin, arbiculate, comm6n to bdtb, and beneath.
The i>tyles are one in each fiower> thread-form and the lengt^
of the corolla. The Stigmas are four, oblong.
The SeedyeJJel is a berry, two parted and globofe.
The 5fierfx are four, compreffed and callous.
There is but one Species of this Genusy viz.
* ■ •
MiTCHELLA repens. Cfeeping tver green
Mitchella.
This is a fmall plant, growing upon mofiy, north-
ern, fhaded banks, with flender fhrubby ftalks, \j^
ing clofe^ to the ground, and putting out roots at the
joints. The leaves are ever-green, of a thick con-
fiftence, obrufely egg^ihaped, and entire ;' they are
placed oppofite and thick upon the branches, with
ihort footftalks, anda^c often marked longitudinally
v^ith a whitiih vein.. The flowers are produced at
the bofom of the leaves, they are double, or two
arifmg from one bud, of a white colour, and ate
fucceeded by fmall roundifb red berries*
MO]^US
( n )
■» »
M OR VS. .
The M U L %£* R Y - T R E ?..,
Cla/^ 21. Order 4.. MQiwecia Tttraodria.
♦TPHE Mflte Flowers are difpofed in Katkins.
* the Empalement is four parted; the leaves ovate and
concave. *
The Cmlla none. ,* .
The Filaments are four, awl-ihaped, ereft, longer than the
calyx, and . one within each le^f of the (lower cap. The
AnthercB are Omple.
* The Femak Flowers are colleded, either in the fame, or a
• differeot' plant from the male.
The Empalement is four leaved : the leaves are roundifh, obtufe,
permanent,* the two oppofite exterior Incumbent.
The Corolla none.
The Germenit he^Lrtihaped.. The Styles are two, awl-Aaped,
long, refiexed, and rough. The Stigmas are Omple.
The Seed-vejfel none. The Empafements becoming 9elhy fuc-
CLilent berries, jointly forming an oblong rough fruit.
The ^dsy one in each berry, ovate acute.
We have but one Species, native with la, viz.
MoRUS rubra. Large-leaved Virginian Mul-
berry Tree.
This grows common in many parts of Nq^th-
America, to the height of twenty or thirty feet, and
with a trunk from twelve to eighteen inches or more
ill diameter; dividing into many branches, which
^i^e garniflied with large, rough, heart-fliaped, ob-
long, pointed leaves; fawed on their edges, and
fometimes with others largely- and deeply divided in-
to two, three, or more pointed lobes^ The leaves
of male trefes are generally largeft. The fruit i&
'arge, of a dark purplifh -colour when ripe, very fuc-
culent
d 94 )•
culent and of an agreeable tafte. The timber affords
very durable pofts^ foi' felvciiig^, 8iC* As our Mul-
berry has been found, upon trial, to anfwer well for
the purpofe of raifing filk wol-msy aild growing fpon-
taneoufly and plentifully in many parts of thefe
(latest it is'prefumed^ many^ of our countrymen
might profitably apply their attention to the culture
offflk-
M Y R I G A.
CANDLEBERRY MYRTLJE.
Clafs 22. Order 5. Dioecia Tetrandria.
THE Flowers are Male and Female on difFerecit plants.
♦TheAffl/tf.
The CWyr i& a Katkin ovate-oblong, loofe^^ imbricated on aU
fides, and confifting of Scales^ which are one flowered,
moon-ihape, obtufely pointed,' and concave.
The Corolla none.
Tl^e Filameras are four, (rarely fix) thread-form^ fhoct, and
^redt- The Antherce are large and twin, with two-cleft lobes,
* The FemaU.
The Cfl/yr and CofoWa as in the male.
The Germen is fomewhat ovate. The Styles are two. thread-
form and longer than the calyx. The Stigmas are fimple.
The Seed'VeJJel is a berry, of one cell.
The Seed is one.
Obf> The Gale has four ftamina; the Berry comprcfled at
the apex, and three lobed i the cerifera has fix ftaniina : the
berry fuccuient and roundiDi.
The Species with us^ are^
I. Myrica cerifera, Candleberry Myrtle.
This grows naturally upon low boggy lands^ rif-^
^ing with many ftrong (hrubby Halks, to the height
of fix or eight fectj. fending out feveral branches,
which
which are furniflied with ftiff fpear-(haped*f(jaycs, %
little fawcd towards their extremities,' of a yellow-'
ifli lucid green on their upper fides but^p^)er uhdcn
ncath V hs^ving very ftort fodtfta&s, and of a gtate-i
fill odour when bruifcd^ The katk^As dditie out on
different plants from the berries, arid arc;about an
inch long, ftanding ere£t. TTie female flpw ers cpmc
out QU thq fides of thq branches in locig:' buocbesv
and arc fucceeded by foiall roundife berries, covered
with a liiealy fiibftaflcc, and affording a kind of
green wax ' Which i? fppietimes ufed jo qiaking can-
q(cs»-< ' . I ' ■ ' ' ' •' , } • ••"••'
1
2. Myrica cerifcra huttiilis. Dwarf Candleberry
Myrtle.
This is <i variety of the former kind, differing
from it in being* of a IbWer gi'owth, the branches
not fo ftrong, and covered with a greyifh bark. The
Icavts^ {ire alfa ihortcr ahcl broader^ ^ and'^more faw-
ed on their edges. The berries afford a wax like
the others.
, I , < ^_ . • ^ * 1
3* Myrica Gaie. 'Arntrkan BiogGale* :
THt^l^alfo grows naturally in bogs and fwamps^
rifitig Wh3i fhrubby ftalfcs to the height of two or
three feet, garriifhed With lance-fliaped feaves, fmooth
and a- little fawed towards their points.' The berries
are dVy, compreffed at'the apex and tlitec lobed. *
' N Y S 'S' A. '■
t » ' r,
.'* .J • • •
The TUP EL O - T FL E 1e;
I (
Clafs 23. Order I. Polygamia Dioecia.
'X*H£ Flowers are Maie and Bemaphndife, (in fome Species
•■' Male and Female) upon different pJants.
♦The
\..
( 9^ ))
The ^m/to/^m^^ is nve-partedaiidL(£readjo|, witb(a.piase^(^.
torn. * ' " , ,
TheHC(jfotfb'none.' , ; • i: • '. •. -
The TOoweftt^ irc .ten, avlrl-flvtiped arfil ft6'ft-er:than Ae»cal^x.
The^ !^njfc{r« are twin, and the Icigtb t>f .the filaments. »
♦The fi»»^f!^w<<i(^.. .......; .. i .. , .
The £m|>flfcme?tf as in the m>lB, fitting iipop the germen. / .
The torofia hone. '' • ' ^ . ' :. ,' . ^ '• * ' '
The 'iWywk!ftf /, at€ five, .awlAfliap^d;> ahd ereft! 'The ArAlma
arc fimpje. ':■ ' .• •• -. ' i. .: i . -•.•>?
The Germen is ovate and beneath.., ^eStyk is awl*ihaped,'i&«
curved, and' longer .than the ftamiiia. f he $t%ma is acnte.
The'SBed-veJfel is adfupe; ovate itiitf one cfeird'. ^ '
The Seed is a nut, oval, acute, hollowed with longitudinai
furrows, angled, and irregular.
Obf. The Nyffa. fyivatica. is Male and Female on diffe^reni:
trees, ' . -\ r *
*. . - • ..... '\ 1 '0 . i'.' ' y.' * 't •
« , • (" . • • , • • •
' ' -^^^
I*. Nyssa aquatica. -FirginiaH Mooter Tupelo^
This grows naturally in wet fwam'ps, or near large
rivers, in Xl^rdlina and. Eloridk; rifing with a ftrong
upright trunk^o. the height »o£ eighty pr mhx^4rcd
feet» dividing; iptQ,inaiiy,]br>aaches tQ^r,djS the.fpp.*
The leaves are pretty lai:ge, of an,oyaU,.fpC2rr-(na,pr
cd form, generally entire, t hut fometimes. fo^pwhat
toothed, 2jfji covered underneath with a wbitiib
down: they are joined to long, flender footftalks,
and affixed to the bra^ch^s in Tomewhaif of a verti*
cillate order, prefenting a beautiful varied foliage./
The berries are near the fize a^d fhape of fmall
olives, and arc ' preferved in like manner by the
French inhabitants up^n the Mif&ffippi, where; it
greatly abounds, and is called the Olive tree. The
timber is white and foft when uirfeafoned, but light
and
i 97 )
and compad wben dry^ whidb rendetis it ¥ery pro^
per for making trays^ bo wh, '&€.
) ' 2. Nyssa Og^e; The Ogtcbe Lime Tree^
(Sartram's Catalogue.)
■ ' ' ■ ■ »
7bi$ is ^ tF«6 of great fingnlarity and beauty^
growing n^tur^lly in water, in t|ie lo^thern ftates,
a»d viAQg to the heigbf of abouf thirty feet. Thq
Icar^ arf ;Qblang> pf a deep fbinipg green on their
Ufipfrr fide§, *^d SgWy bo?try underneath* The
flowers are mal^ and ferp^e upon 4iS<^rent trees, an^
are produced upon divided, or many flowered foot-
ftalks. The fruit is iiearly oval, of a deep red colour,
of the iize of a Damafcehe Plumb, and of an agree-*
* able acid tafte^ from whiipb it i$ caUed the Lime-^
tree. Perhaps this is the multiflora of Wefton*
3. Nyssa fy Ivatica. Upland Tupelo-Tree^ or
Sour Gum.
This grows natvwally in Pennfylvania and perbapfe
tlfewhere, riiing with a ftrong upright trupk tp the
height of thirty or forty fqet, and foretimes of near
tv?o feet in diameter; fending off many horizontal^
alid qften depending branches ; galrnifhed witlt^)val,
Qr r^tb^qr Inverfe egg-fh^pcd }eaves, 9, little poipt^fiii
entire, of a dark green and ihining upper furfac^
but lighter and a little hairy underneath : thofe of
male trees are pften narrower and (bmetimes lance-
ihaped. The flowers are produced upon pretty long
comqfion footfts^lks, jirifing ^xoxfi \\\t bafe of the
young flioots, and dividing irregularly into feveral
parts, generally from fix to ten ; each fupporting a
fnKill flower, having an empalement of fix^ or feven
linear, unequal leaves, and from &;: to eight awl*
N fliaped
( 98 )
(kaped fpreftdtng ftamlna, fupport^ng (bort four lobed
Antherae. The female trees have fewer floW|ei}$.p(o-
duced u^on much longer, fimple^ cylindrical foot-
ftalksj thickcne4 at the extremity^ and fupporting ^
generally three flowers, fitting clofe and having a
fmall involucrum. They are <ompofed of five fmall
oval leaves, and in the center anawl-fhaped incunr-
cd^ftyle, arifing from the oblong gerinen, which is
beneath, and becomes an oval oblong berry, of a
dark purpHih colour when ripe. The timber of this
tree is clofe grained and curled JTo as not to be fplit or
parted ; and therefore much ufed for hubs of whe^s
tor waggons, carriages, &c.
^ O L E A.
The OLIVE-TREE.
Clafs 2. Order i. Diandria Monogynia.
THE Empdement is of one leaf, tubular, and Dnall: the bor-
der four- toothed, eic6t and deciduous.
Tbe Corolla.^is ope petard, funnel-form. The tube cylindrical,
^ the length of the empalemefit. The border four-parted and
' plafn : the divifions femi-ovate.
The FUaments two, oppofite, awl-Aaped and ihort. Tbe An-
'. tk»e ereft.
The O^rmen is rqundiOi. The%/efimple, ye^y ihort The
. Sltigmas two-cleft, thickened, the divifions end-nicked.
The Seed-veffel a irupe^ fopaewhat ovate, fmooth, and one telM.
The Seed ovate-oblong, and wrinkled,
The • Species m^itk us^ ■ ^
• • .1
OLE A americana. Amerkdn Olive Tree.
' This grbws naturally in Carolina and Florida^ and
is a beautiful ever-green tree. The leaves are nearly
ovate, or fomewhat oblong, perennial, of a fhining,
full
( 99 )
fuM green, on their upper farface, and of a folid
confiAence. The fruit or berries are nearly oval,
of the fize of a f[Mirrow's egg, of a beautiful blu-
' ifli poTple, and covered with a nebula or gloom.
•
PHILADELPHUS.
SYRINGA, or MOCK-ORANGE.
^lafs 12. Order i. Icofandria Monogynia.
*
«
nPJIE £mp«leiiieft( is one leaved, four parted, fharp pointed,
^ and permanent.
The CwoWa has four petals, roundifii, plane, large and fpread-
ing.
The Filaments are twenty^ awl-ihaped and the length of the
calyx. The Anthera are erea and four furrowed.
TheGermen is heneath. The Styk is thread, form and four-
parted. The Stigmas are (imple.
The Seed'vejfel is a capfule, oval, fharp-pointed, part furround-
. ed by the calyx, with four cells, and four valves.
The Seeds are numerous, oblong and fmall.
We have^ with usy but one Species, viz.
PHILADELPHUS inodorus. Carolinian Scent-
hjs Syringa.
This is faid to grow naturally in Carolina; "fifing
with a flirubby ftalk to the height of twelve or fifteen
feet, fending out oppofite branches, fumifhed with
fmooth, entire leaves, fhaped like thofe ot the Pear
tree, but ftanding oppofite upon pretty long foot-
ftalks. The flowers are pretty large and have large
empaldments of four acute-pointed leaves, and four
white, oval, fpreading petals, and a great nunaber
bf flamina with yellow fummits. This is impatient
6f' much cold,
PINUS.
P I N XT S. ,
The P iKfe i fULfE.
Clafs 21. Order 9. Monoecia Polyandria.
*nPHE Male Flowers are diTpofed in Racemi or bunches,
-■- J he Caiyx none but the fcales of the budj gaping.
The Corolla none.
The Filameras are numerous and joined beneath in an ereft cq^
hiinn, divided at top.. The ArahertB are ereft. ,,.
♦The Female Flowers are in the fame plant.
The Cal'^x is a common, fomewhit bVatfe cohej confiftfti^ tf
Scales^ which are two flowered, oblong, iihbric^ted, rigid«
arid permanent. • •
Th^.Qorolla none.
ThQ Getmen is veVy fmall. The Style is awI-Aaped. the Stig-
ma limpiie.
^ht Seed-vejjlel noTVe, but the fcalei of thccotte.
'f^iieSeed is a nut, increafed with A meMbi-anateoUS wing;. Which
is larger than the feed, but fmaller than the fcale of the
cone, obbng, Araight on on^ fiit: atid gibbous on the other.
The Species, with us^ are^
1. PlNUs echinata. Three leaved prickly^coned
Bajtard Pine.
Thi$ grows aat uraUy in Virginia. The leates are
long and narrow^ fometimes three, at other times^
but two in each fheath. The cones are long and
{lender, their fcales terminating in (harf) points* .
2. Pin vs paluftris. Lofige/l three leaved iKarJlo
Pine.
I ; '
This grows naturally in South Cart)liiia, and is of
a middling growth. The leaves are produced by
threes in a flieath and are often ten or twelve inche%
r
in length. The copes are long and large, opening
and droppin]^ ihd> fe^ds \ti the tall. It k accounted
equal to any fqr yielding tar^ &c.
3. iP^NUs rigid a. tommdh three leaved Virgin-
nian Pine.
This grows commoh in ttlany plates throughout
thcfe ftates, rifing often to the height of (ixty ot
feventy feet, with a large ereft trunk, dividing into
branches towards the top, and furitlThed with pretty
long leaves growing by threes in. a (heath.. The
cones are often produced in clufters round the
branches, they are about three inches long and have
rigid fcaies. There are whole Forefts of matljr
hundred acreis of thefe trees in fome back parts of
the country, of which great quantities of Boards
are fawed and floated down fome of our long rivers.
4. Pin us Strobu^. New^EngJand^ or White
Pine^
This is allowed to out top in growth moft of our
other trees, rifihg \lr4th a large tredt trunk, to the
height of an hundred feet or more, covered with a
fmootJi bark and fending off many long branches.
The leaves arc long and (lender, growing by fives in
a fheath, and fct thick on the branches. The cones
Sire often fix or fcven inches in length j and generally
befmcared with turpentine, with which thefe trees
much aboundi The cones generally open about the
firflJ of Septembef", ftjob after which the feeds drop
out. This alfo grdM^s in great plenty towards the
heads of 'fonie of our rivers, from whence great
' qaaMrhies arc rafted nitywh, affording excellent mafts,
yal'ds, fpars, &c. &c. for ihip building.
♦
5. PiNUS
( 102 )
* r-
5. Pin US T^da. Vi^g^ian Swamps .or, Frank*
,incence Fine^
This grows to a pretty large, fize, the leaves are ve-
ry Ibng and narrow and are produced by threes in a
(heath. The cones are pretty Ibng and large. Hiis
\s ufeful for boards, and for producing turpentine
and tar, as are the other kinds.
6, Pin us virginiana. Two^leaved Virginian^
or Jerfey Pine. ^
This is generally of but low growth, but divided
into many branches. The leaves are broader and
fhorter than the other kinds, and 'of a deeper green
colour ; they are produced by twos in each {heath.
The cones are fmall, each fcale terminating with a
prickly point. This is called, in fome places, Spruce
Pine. V
I* ■ ' *
P I N U S - A B I E S.
The FIR-TREE.
* I *
f
I. Pi Nus-^ Abies Balfamea. Balm of Gilead
Fir-^Tree.
This tree grows to the height of thirty or forty feet,
fending off many branches, which are thick fet chiefly
upon two fides, with ftiff linear leaver, refembling
thofc of the Yew. The furface of the trunk is al-
mpll covered with fmall bladders, or rifmgs in the
cuticle of the bark, which s^rc filled with a clejtr bal-
fam or turpentine. The cone^ are pretty large, and
fall to pieces in the autumn^ . '.
2. Pin US-
( I05 )
2. Piiitrs-ABiEs canadenfis., N^wfoundlana i.
Spruce.
'Thcte arc faid to be three varieties of this, dif-
tinguifhed by the colour of their cones, into white;
red and blacky fome of which, fomctimcs becomer
pretty large trees. The leaves are ft'iflf and lijiear,
and iTightly channelled on botti fides, fmaller than
thofe of the Balm of Gilead, and fet equally upon*
all fides of die branches. The trees make a very
good ap^arance, teid of thefe the famous Spruce-
beer is brewed.
3. PiNys-A;BiEs americana. Hemlock Spruce
' Fir-Tree.
This rifea up with but a {lender trunk, fometiiiies
to a great height, arid is generally thick fet with
fomewhat hor'^zontat branches. The leaves are ihap«
ed much like thofe of the Yew and are ranged upon
two Tides of the branches, fo appearing flat, like
thofe of the Europeai) Silver Firs, but are of a pale
green on both fides. The cones are very fmall,
loofe, and of an . oval oblong form. The bark is
faid to be good for tanning leather; and with it, our
natives dye their fplhits for bafketis of a red colour.
f •
P I N U S - LA'R' I'X.
' TheLARCH-THEE. '
. i.-Pin^s-Larix nabra. RedAtnerican Larchh^
■ ; ; Tree,
This fhoots up to a confHierable height with a flen^
der ere£k trunk, feadifig off many flender branches.
The
i 104 )
l^he leaves ate pretty long, linear and foft, coaling
out in fafciculi, or fniali bundle? fpreading like' a
painter's brufh, and are fet pretty thick round the
branches. They arc of a light green colour ai^dide*
cic}ttous,f The <;:one3 are of a fine red colour at tfi^ir
firflt appear^iace^they a^e fqiail, perhaps threc-fourtJljfl
of ^n inch long, ^nd half an inch tliick^ the fcale^
fmqpth, opening Cfaply in tl^e fall and dropping! their
feeds, which are very finall, ai?^d wiagcd..
3 , Pi N V s-L A Rix al |>a. Wkkf ^^^rican ijorch^
J rce.
This a variety of the other, differing very little,
e.^ccpt in the cones, bciqg ox a greenifli white co-
lour. - A
.. ThU is alfo a'yanety djffsrmg Jii h^viiig dairk'co-
loured cones. 'a. * . J
I
.;• ;: "■: • ;•: E ,L A, T A.N >U- S. '. •. " •(., -
Clafs 21, Or<^r 8. Monqecia Polyandria.
TH E Flowers are Male and F/??na/e upon the fame plant.
♦ The MaU Ftofrers are jdiQxjfe^ iii a glet>ofe katkin.
T4ie Calyx conGfts of fome very fmali fegments.
The Corolla is fearer mantfeft.
Tfie Filamstits are oblong, thicker above, and coloured. The
Anthem are four cornered, moving round the filaments to
the inferior fide.
*. The Ftfwia/* Flowers are difpofed ina globe.' , • ^
Thef Cal^x confifts of many f^all fc^l^s,^ ^
The Corolla of many petals, concave, oblong and clubbed. \
Tb«
'( I05 )
The Seed-y^fel none. But '4 glti'bofe tdctpttdft.
The .^f e^jx are oblong, angular and clubbdd, crowned l)y the
^pei'inanerit ftyle, aftd with acapfllar^y'^appfns adhering at the
bafe.
0^ ' 1 »m itt d<]fcbl Wth #|r^¥d W ^the pfibils.
1
Jfk hav^j with Usy but me Species^ viz.
Platanus occidentals ; J^tffkf'itmi PUhc-^Tfee^
■ ' ■ ^ ^r Urge mtm WHo'l
This grows common oy creeks and river fides m
many parts of America. It is of quick growth, and
often becomes a lar^c tree of fixty or feventy feet
in height and kWve tlire'e feet ?n diameter, lending
off but few long, diverging branches^ which toge*
ifefcK'^itfe i^he tt^r pun iDf thetrui^^ arc generally
covered with a fmodthj&ti^k^ ^nually, or often
renewed, and falling oflF in thin plates or fcales.
The leaves arc bro;^d, and cut into angles, or lobed ;
having feveral acute indentured on their borders, of
»> light gtem pii their upper ft^Cy but pakr, and a
iittit wi>oly ^nderi(iea<th$ with long footitalks, and
placed all^tnately. The. flowers , «irq produced in
iioUnd p^fidul6u8 ballsy of nestr an iiicfa in diameter^
upon very longibotftli^ks. This 13 fometimes fawed
into beards j aiid has been much ufed of late by our
cardv-Q^aker^, for eard-boards ot batks.
P O P U L U S.
\
The P O P L A R . T R E R \
* Clafs 22. Order 7. Dioecia Oiflandria.
•XHE Flcjwers are Male and Female on diflFerent Plants.
^* ^ The Male.
O The
\
:( I06 )
The Calyx is a common katfein, oblong, loofisly imbricated, and
cylindrical; compofed of Scales which are one floWered, ob-
long, and plane, with the margin torn. ♦;
The O&raHo none, but ... . ^,. , r
A.Ne&arium of one leaf, top iliaped and tnbulous beneath,
but oblique and terminating in an oval border above.- *
The Filaments are eight, very ftort. The' Anthem are focr-
Gornered and large.
♦ The Female. '
The Katkifiy Scales, and Ne&ma, are like the Male.'
The Germen is ovate-iliarp pointed. The Style is fcarce mani-
feft. The Stigma is four cleft.' -
The Seed-veffels are ovate capfules, two ceird and two valv'd :
the valves reflejced* *
The Seeds are numerous and ovate, with a volatile capillaiiy
pappus.
' "" T^tfSpccie8> with lis y are ^
t I
I. PoP-ULUs deltxiide* Whiu Poplar^ of CottM
Trcfi tif Qxrolma.^
(Bartraln*s Catalogue.)
« • .
This bedonics a till tree, with a latgfc ercft trunk,
covered with a white, fmoothiih bark, -Tefcmbling
that df 'the Aipen tree. Theleaves are large, gene-
rally nearly triangular, toothed or indented witfc
ftarp- and deep ferratures^ oiE' a fhifiifrg full gretH
bn their upper furface, but fomewhat lighter <ir
hoary underneathf; (landing upon long flender foot-
ftalks, and generally reftlefs or in motion. The
timber is white, firm, and elaftic, principally ufed
for fence rails. It grows naturally upon rich low
lands, on the banks of large rivers in Carolina and
Florida.
2, PopirLiis
( I07 )
a. PopULUS heterophylla. Virginian Poplar'-
Tree.
' This becomes a pretty large tree, the branches of
'which are nerved, appearing as if quadrangular.
The leaves are large and varioufly ihaped, fome
roundifh, others heart-form, flightly fawed on tl^eir
edges and downy at their iirfl appearance.
3. PopuLUs nigra. Black Poplar.
This is not of very large growth, but covered
with a darkifh rough bark. The leaves are fome-
what triangular, pretty long pointed, flightly and
obtufely fawed on their edges, ftanding upon pretty
long footftalks, fmooth and of a bright green on their
upper furface, but lighter and a little downy under-
neath.
4. PopuLUs tremula. At/ierican J/pen-Trae.
This grows frequently to the height of about
thirty feet, covered with a fmooth whitilh bark.
The leaves are fmall, fmooth on both fides, of a
dark green colour above, but lighter underneath ;
roundifh, and a little pointed, pr forming nearly an
equilateral ff^erical triangle; flighty crenated, a lit-
tle waVed on their edges, and trimmed with a very
narrow hairy border. Their footftalks are pretty
long, roundifli at the bafe, but comprefled on their
fides towards the bafe of the leaves. The katkins
are large appearing early in the fpring.
5. PopuLus balfamifera. Balfam^ or Tacamahac^
"Tree.
This is a tree of but middling growth, covered
with a light brown bark. The leaves are large,
fomewhat
fomcwbat heart-ihaped, Rightly tpotb^d<^ or cretv^ted
on their edges, of a dark grecii on their upper furface
but lighter underneath. The buds abound with, a
gl^im^H^ ijeftfe wl^i;k tfi l]p^ ^fiaifi^sq^ of the
«
6. yppuii.u&. Ijajf^^miferqi. kinccpJaAa*. li^nc^4e^mfidi
This is a variety, pf the laft kind, of ^ fmall and
very flow growth. The leaves arc fpear-lhape, of a
l^righjt gree« abpve, but whjtiih s^(^ vvii^g^tei^ \^ith
b^aiy^iijhi veins bcneat(h, with a f6W,,fi:ar96 Qb&rvaJ^Ie,
%rratujt:^ on their; e^ges^ and joined to;ihort;> chaa-.
l^Up^d a^ ofteiv fomewhai; rediUi^ footftalks*
P a T E K T I L L A.
SHRUB CINQUEFOIL.
Clafs 12. Order 5. Icpfandri^ Polygynia,
THfi Empdement.h of one. leaf/ planii)i<r aiu^h^lf^ve cleft >
the alternate diviiions u^ lefs and refle^e4>
The Corolla has five petals, roundifh, fpreading, and infcrted
by claws in the calyx.
The FHaments are twenty, awl-fliaped, fliorter than the corolla,
and inferted in th^ calyx. The Anthem are eiongate-moan-
ft^ppd.
The G^men are numerous, very, fmall and colleched in a little
head; The Styles are thread-form, the length of the (lamina,
and inferted in the fides of the germen. The Stigmas are ob-
tufe.
The Seed-veJJel none, but a common receptacle, which is round-
iih, juicelefs, very fmall, permanent, covered with feeds and
included in the calyx.
The Seeds are numerous and fharp pointed.
We have but one Species, via.
POTEN^
( W9 )
PoTj:NTiLJt.A jfruticofa %merit$na. Americafi
Jhrifbby Cinque/oil
' This is a fmaH (hrub, feldom rrfog above tw.o
fcct high, and fpreading mto many branches. Tho
leaves are fmall and thick fet upon the branches, they
are winged, and compofed, gcncraHy, of fivefinali,
oblong hairy lobes^ reflcxed on their edges and {land-
ing together. The flowers are produced pretty
thick on the branches,, of a yellow colour, and arc
jTuc^eeded by fngiaU; hej^d^ of polluted feeds.
P R I N Q S.
The W I N T E R, - B ? R, R Y,
* • •
Clafe 6. Order i. He^aa(ij;ia Moijogynia.
THE Empalemera is onq leaved^ plape, half- fix-cleft, very,
fmafl, and permanent
Th^ C^dla has cme petai, wheel- fhaped; The tube none. The
bor4er is fix parced ^nd plane : the divifions ovate.
The Filaments are fix, awl-ihaped, erefl: and fiiorter than thQ
corolla. The Anthercs^ are oblong and obtufp. *
The Germen is ovate, ending in a Stjle fhorter than the (lamina,
with an obtufe Stigma.
The Seed'veffel is a roundifli berry, with fix cells; and far larg-
er than the calyx.
The Seeds are folitary, bony, obtufe, convex on one fide and
angled on the other.
Obf. Sometimes a fixtb part of the number is excluded.
There are two Species of this Shrub^ viz.
J. Prinos glaber. E'uergreen WinterrBerry.
This grows in feveral parts of Nortb America,,
rifing up, with ftender i^irubby fl^lfo to the height of
fix or eight feet;, dividing into branches,, which are
I garniflied
^
( xi<5 )
garniflied with fmall, evergreen, oblong, fmooth
leaves, of a thick confidence, with a few flight fer-
ratures towards their points, and placed ahernate^
upon fliortifli footftalks. The flowers are produced
from the bofom of the leaves upon fliort footftalks ;
and are fucceeded by fmali roundifli berries, of a
black colour when ripe.
2. Prinos verticillatus. Virginian Winter--
Berry.
Thi$ grows naturally in moift places,, by ftream^
of water J generally fending up feveral {lender ftalkjj
to the height of eight or ten feet, dividing into a
few branches towards the top. The leaves are lancc-
fliapcd, fliarpl pointed, and acutely fawed on their
edges ^ having fliprt flender footftalks, and placed
alternately. The flowers come out at the bofom of
the leaves in fmall Corymbi or Clutters j of an her-
baceous colour. They are fucceeded by roundifli
berries of a red colour when ripe, and remaining
long on the branches, almoft furrounding them in
places and fomewhat refcmbling a whorl.
Note, The inner bark of this flirub is very g6od
to make poultices of for ripening tumors,
P R U N U S. " '
The P L U M B - T R E E.
Clafs 12. Order i. Icofaadria Monogyilia. *
i X
THE Empcdemera is one leaved, bell-fhaped, Bve cleft, aad
deciduous ; the divifions are ob.tufe and concave. .
The Corolla has five petals, roundifli, concave, large, fpr^ad-
ing, and inferred by claws in the calyx.
The Filamtnu are from twenty to thirty, awi-fliaped, near the
length of the corolla, and inferted in the c^lyx. The Ancker^
are twin and fliort.
The?
{ "I )
The Germen is roundiih. The Style is thread- form and the-
langtih df the> ftanplna. The .^i^iiw is or biculate.
ThQ S&ei-v^jjel is 4,roundifli drupe.
The Seed is a nut, roundiih and c^mpreiTed.
The Species, with us^ are,
I
I. P RUN US americana. Lar%e Yellow Sweet Plumb*
» I
This generally rifcs to the height of twelve cwr fif*
teen feet, fprcading into many ftiff branches. The
leaves are oblong, oval, acute pointed, fharply faw-
cd on their edges and much veined. The flowrs
generally ccfmt out very thick round the branincs^
often upon thick fliort fpurs; and arc fucceedcd by
large .oval fruit, with a fweet fuccuknt pulp. We
have a great variety of thefe, growing, naturally in
a good, moift foil, with reddifh and yellowifh fruit,
but differing much in fize, taftc^ and cpnfiilcncc.
2. Pjfcunus anguftUblia. Cbm/aw> Flmib.-
This is fcarcely of fo large a growth JW tJiecfocmcr,'
but rifing with a ftiflF (hrubby ftalk, dividing into
many branches, which are garniihed with fmooth
lance-fhaped li^aves, much fmaller and narrower than
the firft kind; a litt^ waved on their edges, mark-
ed with very fine, flight, coloured ferratures, and
of an equal, ihining green colour, on both fides.
The blofibms generally come out very thick, and
are fucceeded by oval, or often fomewhat egg-(hap»
cd' fruit, with a very thin flcin, and foft fweet pulp.
There are varieties of this with. yellow and crimfon
coloured fruit. Thefe being natives of the fouthcrn
ftates, are fomewhat impatient of much cold.
3. Prunus
3. iP&uNus miffifliftpi. Crimfon rtumb.
This grows iisrt^rally^uppn t^c Mifliflippi, ancl is
of larger fize than moft of the other kinds. The
fruit are crimfon coloured, and fomewi^at acid.
4. Prunus maritima. Sea. fide Flumb. .
• . .a
This grows naturally towards the fea coaft, rifing
to tbc height W icight or ten feet, often Icamng, and
^rbading into iiatiy branches; Tlie leaves ^re obv
lon^, rathfer -fmafleir awd not fo pointed as tbofe of
tfaecomfB^ plumb^ fotooth 'atid of a fhinihg grden
onthe.n|>per fide) but fometbing lighter underneath^
and flightiy fa wed on the edges. :This is generally
well fiUed' witb fltiwersi, a few of which arc fuccccd-
ed by fmail, roundifli fruit.
• A
5. Paxrifro s declitiata. Dwarf fiamif. '
This is of a fmall dwarBfli growth, feldom riling
abov^ four or five feet high^ but ftequ«tit!y bearing
fruit at the height of two or three j which is fmall,
gnd^atmi^lt btack when ¥ipe« '
o I
ti this Genu^ »lfr belongs
■ ' • . , i
CERASUS.
The CHERRY-TRfeE.
Cf which our Species are^
to P&unus-Gerasus virginiana. Vitginian Bird*
Chcrry'Tree.
This grows naturally in a rich moid foil, often to
the height of forty feet or more, with a trunk of
eighteen
( "3 )
tighteen px ^wcnty inches in- diameter, generally re*
taining its thicknefs. ,a . contidcrable beigHt, and
branching out towards the top. The leaves arc
lance-fliaped, or long, narrow, pointed, and
fawed on their edges, * The flowers are produced in
bunches, generally pretty thick fet on the branches ;
they are q£ a* white. coJour, and. are fuccceded by
fmafl fruit, of a purpfifh colour when ripe, and of
a difagreeable,. bitt(^r tafte,. but,gre(:dily devoured by
the birds.
The tii^ber i^ of a reddifh ftccake^ cp.lQiu;^ capa-
ble of receiving a fine polilfli; and is frequently faw-
ed :i|ito, boards^ ^pd ufed by.J9iaef$i^.caJbiii^Qt-aia^«.
ers, «:c. for many purgofes* .'. . .
i< PatTilt/4*<3'fiit: Akus citladiifariSi Canadian^ or
• M ■ ' ' • ' • » ' * '
. . ^ • . s. . ,
Thi$,is; afmall kind, growing to the height of fii
pr eight feet,, and dividing into bran<:h6s,;. which arc
farnOSied with; broader and flK)rte^kgvefi>|rjr^mewhat
reicmbling thofc of the Appk,, or.. Crafe^r^e* .t^pt
fmalter* The flowers, are prp4uced m^ai racefnus^
or buncb> /COfnpofed 9]^ more footftalt^s than thf
jVirginian kwd;: and arc^fpcc^ed^d by fruit .!(>f, near
the &mejp(;>j[aui;.ahd riz0,> WK^ fo^bittet a ta^le^ boj:
'greatly cotrug^tjjQg the mouth and throat,, fo. as to
obtain the name of Choak-Cfceifry.
3. PRUNUs-CfiRAaus mofttana. , Mountain Bird-Cher'
ry-Tree.
• ■» ■ • -
This grows naturally upon the mountains in the
back part? of Pennfylvania j rifing up with a flcnder
ftem to the height of twelve or fifteen feet, and di-
viding into a.few very.flendcr branches, furniflied
with leaves refonbling theiilirft^ or Virginian kiod.
( 114 )
The Eruit felikcwife produced in tHc fame manner,
but is fmallcr, of a red colour, and ^n extremely
acid taftc.
» -. - • *
* And klfb iv the Genus Prunus, belongs j
L A U R O - C E R A S U S.
- Hie LAiMeL-TREE.
:''■ 0f kohicbwk pank'but one Species, viz. .
PkuWas-liAlJ^^^c^iCi^iAsi^ ferratifoiia. Cart^inian
Evergreen Buy-fr^i ' '
This is a 'teautifd evergreen flKu]bs.jp^t.Qf.fmam
growth; fpreading with l^eral blanches, on every
fide and covered with a brown bark* The leaves
are Q))ear^(haped, abdv^ two inches long and three
quarters bfran ittch or more in breadth^ with a few
ftarp-ferraturcs on theii^ edges, (landing alternately
on very ihfbrl Ibdtftalfcs, . of a thidc confidence, and
fiiSning green colour, continuing their verdure all
the year, l^e fl<>wers are gencraHy very numerous,
perfciaiy white, and Hre fucceeded by roundifli fruit
^ the fis:e 6f a middli^ cherry, of ^ black colour
'wheii ripfe. This is a native of South Carolina, and
other fouthern States.
P T E L E A.
P T £ L £ A.
... V • ■ » ■
Clafs 4. Order i. TetrandriaMbaogynia.
'X'HE Empal^ment is five-parted, acute, and finally
^ Tbe Corolla has four;t^tftk, ovatc-laaced, planc^ fpread-
ing, larger than ibp salyx, and coriaceous.
The
f
( us )
Tb^Kkmnts are four, awl-Aaped* The Anthera are roundlOi*
The Qetni^n is orbkuiate and comprelTed. The &^e is ihort.
The Stigmas are two^ a little obtufe.
The Seed-veffel is a roundiih, perpendicular membrane) in the
center two cell'd.
The Seed is one, obtufe, and lefiened at the bafe.
Obf. The Petals and fhmina, alfo the diviiions of the calyx,
have often one added to their number.
We have, with us^ but one Species, viz.
Ptelea trifoliata. Carolinian Shrub^Trefoih
This rifes w^th an upright woody ftem, to the
height of ten or twelve feet, dividinj; into many
branches, covered with a fmooth grcyim bark. The
leaves arc trifoliate, or compofed of three oval,
fpear-fhaped lobes, of a bright green on their upper
fide, but paler underneath, and infcrted together at
the end or a pretty long footftalk. The flowers ter-
minate the branches in a kind of umbel, or large
branching heads, of a whitifli herbaceous colour ^
and are fucceeded by roundifh, flat, bordered cap-
fules, fomewhat refembling thofe of the £im, each
containing two feeds.
P Y R O L A.
WINTER-OREEN,
Clafs lo. Order i. Decandria Monogynia.
THE Empalement is five-parted, fmaJl, and permanent.
The Corolla is compofed of five petal?, which are round-
• . iih, concave, and fpreading.
The Ftlaments are ten, awUfhaped, ihorter than the corolla.
. The Antietie are nodding, iargCt and two-horned upward.
'Tbe Pifiitium has a roundifh, angular Germen; a filiform, per-
manent Sqlff Ipnger than the ftamina^ and a thicUaL Stigma.
The
( ti6 y
The Pericarpimy or Seed-veJfeU is a roundifli, depreffed, pen-
tagonal Capjukj with five cells, gaping at the angles.
The Seeds are numerous and chaffy.
Obf. The Stamina and ftyle'diffcr fometimes in fituation.
5f^ Species, with tUy are^
I. Pyrola maculata. Spotted Pyrola.
This is a* fmall plant, feldom rifing above four or
five inches high, with flender ligneous ftalks. The
leaves are evcr-grecn, oblong and pointed, of a
thick confiftcnce, with a few fharp ferratures on their
edges; fmooth and of a dark green on their upper
fides, but marked with a broad, branching, longi-
tudinal vein or ftreak, of a whitifli or paler colour;
and iomewhat reddifli underneath. There are gener
rally three or four of thefe placed at the top of the
item fomewhat horizontally, and fometimes fmaller
ones beneath, fct by threes. The flowers are like-
wife produced at the top upon a pretty long, (nod^^
ding at firft, but afterwards ereS) divided footftalk,
often fuftaining two or three white flowers, which
are fqcceeded by roundiih, deprefled capfules, filled
with fmall feeds.
2. Pyrola rotundifolia. Round leaved Fyrola.
»
This is of fmaller growth than the former, hav-
ing about three or four roundifti leaves, rifing from
the root, with pretty long three fidfcd fpotftalks,
channelled above. Thefe often become pretty large
and a little waved on their edges, they are of a light
green, and fcarccly perennial. The flowers arc pro-
duced upon a radical triangular footftalk, of four or
five inches in length, in form of a racemus or bunch,
fupporting five or fix white flowers, which ate fuc-
C^eded by fmall, round, deprefled capfules.
3^ Pyrola
( "7 >
3. Pyrola umbellata. Umbellaied Pyrola*
This grows commonly to the height of five or fix
inches, generally fet pretty thick with leaves, which
are wedgc-fliaped or narrowed tawards the bafc,
fmooth, of a fliining green, and fharply fawed on
their edges. The flowers terminate the ftalks on a
pretty long divided footftalk, in a kind of litjle Um-
bel, which is nodding at firft but becomes ereft, fup-
porting five or fix round, pentagonal, depreffed cap-
fules, filled with fmall feeds.
A decoftiofi or infufion of this, has been ufed
ij|rith confidcrable fuccefs as a fubftitute for the Peru-
vian bark. The roots arc faid to give eafe in the
tooth ach. This kind is called by the Indians Phip-
Jejawa.
P Y R U S.
The P E A R . T R E E.
Clafs 12. Order 4. Icofandria Fentagynia.
'T'HE Empalement is of one leaf, concav^Q, half five-cleft, and
•*■ permanent; the fegments fpredding.
The Corolla has five roundiih, concave, large petals, inferted
in the empalement.
The Filaments are twenty, awl-fliaped, fhorter than the corolla,
and inferted in the empalement; The Anthtra fimple.
The Germen is beneath. I he Styles five, thread-form, the
length of the ftamina. The Stigmas fimple.
The Seed-veJJel a pomey roundiih^ umbilicated and fiefhy, with
five membranaceous cells.
The Sseds a few, oblong, obtufe, fliarpened at the bafe, con-
vex on one Mq and planC^on the other. .
To this Genus belongs
MALUS.
( "8 )
M A L U S.
The APPLE-TREE.
Of which tve have one Spefcics, viz.
Pykus-Malus coronaria. Virginian Jweet-fcented
Crab-Tree.
This often grows to the height of twelve or fifteen
feet, dividing into many ftiflF branches, fet pretty
thick with fhort ftiflF fpurs. The leaves are fomewhat ,
like thofe of the Apple-tree, but often. tootheH, (^<^
largely and irregularly fawcd on their edges. The
flowers generally come out thick upon the branches^
upon pretty long dividing footftalks; they are pretty
large, of a beautiful blufli colour, and fragrant odour
at their firft appearance. The fruit is fmall, hard»
roundifli, umbilicated, and extremely acid. It is
frequently ufed for coniTervcs, &c. There is faid to
be a variety of this in Carolina with cvergeen leaves,
though I have never feen it.
Q^U E R C U S.
The O A K . T R E E,
Glafs 21, Order 8. Monoecia Polyandria.
♦'X'HE MdB Flowers are difpofed in aloofe katkia.
-■■ The Empalement is of one leaf, four or five-partedj the
divifions are acute and often bind.
They baye no Corolla.
The Filaments are feveral^ very Aort. The Arohera large and
double. :. ' ' .' .
♦The Female are in clofe buds, on the fame plant with the
Male.
The Perianthium is of one leaf, coriaceous, bemifpherical» ,
rough, and eutiie, k^ica manifeft in the flower.
There
( "9 )
There is no ConiUa.
The Germen is egg-fliaped ancl fmall. The Style fiihple, nve-
cleft and longer than the, empalement. ThQ.St^gmt are
fimple and permanent.
There is no Seed-yejJeU but an ova!, columnar, fmooth nu|,
ihaved at the bafe and affixed la the fliort calf x.- '
7b,e Spccics^ and Varieties with iis-^^re many, whkhf
J winky may be divfded in the folltwing rnahnef^^
tnto
% « * i k
' •' » .. I }'\*
♦Ottcrcusrfbi. White Oak. -^
. • • • ' ■ . ' . '
;, 1. QuEkCos alba. Common American White Oak.'
This grows -very common,, and with a§e arrives to
the fize of a large tree of fcventy or eighty feet in
height, and'of three, fodri five, or TOorc feci in
diameter; dividing iiUo many large branches,: and
covered with a wbhifli fcaly bark. * The leavca aite
narrowecF towards the bafe^ but fpreading and deeply
finuauied obliquely, towards the ends; the finufeS oi>
tufe, the angles, or productions unequal in lengdbi,
entire and obtufe. They aref of * a* glaucous, ot
fight green underneath and have ver^ ihort footftalks.
The acorns are middling fished, fittmg in CinaU fliai-
low cups. There are fome varieties of this, diffeiting
in the hardnefs and toughnefs of the timber, and
fomewhat in their acorns or fruit* It affords a hard,
tough, ufeful and valuable timber,* which is hewed
.into beamji, &c# for frame bmidings; iftwedunlp
plank, &c. for ihip buildtag ; and applied to various
other ufeful punpofcs* pur fwinc are often wholly
fatted upon the fcvcral kinds of Scorns, but for thefe
and Chefnut Oak they feek moft diligently.
^. QUEKCUS
2. QuERCus alba minor. Barren Whiti Oak. '
' This grows generally upon poor, barren, or wafte
lands^r rifing perhaps to the height of thirty or forty
feet, covered wixb fcalygreyiui bark« . TJjeJeaves
are fomewhat rough, but of a (hining green above^
fomewhat paler. underneath^; they are.finuated deep-
ly^ moft obtufcly, and irregularly; tbcJobes.or pro-
duftions (if I may be allowed the expreffion) are
obtufe, often fomewhat angular, and very irregular.
The acorns are fmall and Ariped^^ The timber is ac-
counted very durable for pods, to fet in the earth j
otherwiie not much efteeined unlcft fur fuel. » -
* t \
3. QuEiCi*tJS alba palqftns. Swafnp White Oak.
:' This becomes a pretty large fprcaifing tree, of two
orihrcc feet in diameter aadirfprapoEtionablc height.
The bark is often rougher or more ::f arrowed than
^he other kinds, and greyifli coiouted. jThcieaye«
ati fomewhat wedgc-fliaped or narrowed: towrards the
.bajfcr, tod tpothcd o» the'tr edges and extrenvties.
The acocns arejarget;wd rounder tjban.tliofc of the.
common White Oak, .atid have Jargenj aod thicker
-caps; ittpportedT often by pairs .upon « lo»g» ftrong
...♦*, C^ercus' nigra* Blatk'Oak^ -
^4« Op^^Rfcus^ nigta. . Gommon' Pennfyli^catiian Black
This grows to the height oF fixty or.(ev>nty feet,
and to three, (jr four Yeet in diameter, , with large
fpreading branches. The ieavcs'are large, fprcad-
ing, and fomewhat woolly, their footftalks longer
than thofe of the White Oak. They are irregular-
ly
( tat )
ly and ibmtltmes pretty dctfiy fiikiaitedy the m^ti
or produdions uocquau^ generally obtufe^ yet with
their veins extending in a briftly p<Miit. The acorns
are roundifli and not large, fitting in thick fcaly cups*
There is,^ I think, a variety of this of much finaller
growth, with larger leaves and differing fomewhat
in the fruit. Our common Black Oak is ufed much
(whfcre €edar k fcarce) for making Athgles, ^nd
«Ifo for railS) &c
5. •QuERCOs iAgta, digitftta. Fiager-ieaved
Black Oak,
This grows naturally in low lands, rifing to the
height of thirty or forty feet, with a triyik of con-
fiderable thicknefs, covered with a rough blackiih
bark« The leaves are finuated, or divided towards
their extremities into two or three pretty long, fome-
what fin^ger^iha'ped lobtfs, ^ unequiai length, ^vHth
others fhprter. fometimes at the fides; all of which
end in a briltly point* The acorns zct fmall^ but
the cups pretty large.
.6^ Qu£Rc:us oigira tri^a« Maryhnd Black
Oak
This grows «fA*u:i^ny tn K!foryhifid, und Otfae^ low
lands, tvith a tt^nfc trf tigbteen ifftches or two feet
in diameter, and thitty or forty feet in height. The
leaves are wedge-fhaped, or narrorwe^ towards the
bafe, and three-pointed, with briftly terminations^
The acorns an^ cups refemt^le the laft mastioned*
7. Que Reus nigra itite|;rifolia. Entire-kaved
IHack Oak.
This ^rows sebottt the fi«e of the other low-laad
Black O^k^ intd is of the fame appearance, except
q^ th^
( 122 )
the leaves being fomewhat inverfe egg-fhaped, and
often a little notched or indented on each fide to-
wards the extremity.
-. 8, Que ROUS nigra pumila. Dwarf Black
\^ Oak.
/
Oak.
This grows naturally upon poor barren ridges ,
rifing to the height of five or fix feet, with a crook-
ed, branching fiem* The leaves are about three
pointed, much refembling thofe of the Maryland
Black Oak. The acorns are fmall, and ftand ia
fmall fhallow cups. This, I believe, is of little ufe
or beauty.
# # *
Circus rubra. Red Oak*
9* Qa£RCUs rubra maxima. Largejl Red Oak.
This often becomes a large tree, of the height of
feventy or eighty feet and of four, five, or fometimes
fix feet in diameter; retaining its thicknefs to a con-
fiderable height, and without lateral branches, but
fpreading at the top. The leaves are large, obtufc-
ly and but lightly finuated, the angles acute, each
often terminating with feveral acute, briflly points.
The acorns are large and fomewhat conical, fitting
in broad (hallow cups. The timber is ufed for ftaves^
ihingles, rails, &c.
10. Que RCUs. rubra ramofifiima. fFater Red Oak^
This grows mod naturally by creek fides, or in
low wet places, rifing to the height of a pretty large
tree; generally thick fet with flender lateral branches,
and covered with fomewhat fmooth, greyifli colour-
ed bark. The leaves ate fmall, obtufely and deep-
. }
I
i
I
i/
( "3 )
ly finuated^ pretty uniformly, almoft to the midrib;
the angles or lobes are narrow, acute, and unequal,
each terminating with feveral briftly points. The
acorns and cups are fmall. This is generally known
by the name of Water or Low Land Spanifli Oak.
The buts of thefe trees are often ufed for rimming of . ,^
carriage wheels, &c. ^
<
11. Qu£Rcus rubra montana. Upland Red
Oak.
This grows naturally upon higher and poorer land
than the others, often attaining to fifty or fixty feet
in height. The bark is fomewhat rough and light-
ilh coloured. The leaves are deeply and obtufcly
finuated, fomewhat regufarly; the angles fomewhat
bitrifid, or ending in feveral acute, briftly points ;
their footftalks are pretty long. The acorns and
cups are middling fized. The timber is generally
worm eaten, or rotten at heart, therefore of little
efteem. It is likcwife commonly known, by the
name of Spanifh Oak; and, I think, has fome va«
rieties differing in the fize of their fruit and leaves.
12. QuERCUS rubra nana. Dwarf Barren
Oak.
This grows naturally upon dry barren ridges, an4
is found from five to ten- feet high, generally grow-
ing very crooked. The leaves are (mailer, but fome-
what refemble thofe laft defcribed. The acorns and
cups are fmall, the acorns red at the bafe arid ftrip-
ed when taken firft from their cups. It is called
barren from its place of growth, but is generally al-
moft covered with fruit, fitting very clofe on all
fides of the branches.
* #*#
Quercus
• « • • Qjcrcus PlxcWos* WUlm4eaved Qai*
<
:. QutRCUS Fhellos a]^|;u(tifoHa« Narrow
WiUtw^kofved Oak.
This grows naturally in low lands, and to the
height of fifty or fixty feet, with a trunk of confi«
4erabte fuse. The leaver are entire, fmooth, oblongs
and lance-fhaped, of about three inches in length
and half an inch in breadth, and have very fhort
footftalks. The acorns and cups arefmatt. The
timber is found and good.
I
leaved Oak.
t
This tree very mncb refismbles the other in eftry
r^fped, ezcept m having kaves of about doable the
width ^ 2ad broader but peihiqps fliorter cups and
acorns.
15. QuERCUS Phellos fcmpcrvirens. Ever--
green Willow^leaved Oak.
This growa naturally in Carolina, becoming a
pretty large tree, of the height of forty feet or more.
The leaves are pierennial, entire, fomewhat oval,
fpcar-fhaped, of a dark green colour and thick con«
fiftence. TJbe acorns are fmall, oblong, fitting in
ihort cups, and containing a very fweet kerhcL
The timber i$ bard, tough and coar& grained.
f ?«♦* Qucrcus;
• • • * * (^crcos^ Pritiua^ Cbefnut-k$Ded Onk.
1 6. QuERCus Prinus. Chefnut-kaved Oak.
This grows naturally upon a liigiit gravelly foil,
frequently to forty feet or more in height, and above
two feet in diameter; covered with a Arrowed,
lightiih coloured bark. The leaves are fomewhat
oval and uniformly crenated on their edges, or ra«
ther. fometimes obtufely toothed. The acorns are
fmooth and large, greeniih coloured and fitting in
jhallow fpreading cups. The timber ibmewhat ap«
proaches towards that of Chefnut in appearance, but
affords very good fuel, rails, &c.
17. QuERCUs Prinus hnmiiis. Dwarf Chef--
nut or Chinquepin Oak.
This generally rifes with fcveral Ibrubby, fpread-
ing ftalks, to the height of two or three feet. The
leaves are fomewhat wedge-fliaped and toothed, or
flightly and obliquely fmuated. The acorns and
cups pretty much refemblc thofe of the large kind,
but are confiderably fmaller.
It may not be improper here to make fome re-
marks with refpe£): to cutting, or felling of timber.
Long experience, I think, hath fufficiently afccrtain-
cd, that timber cut down in the fpring of the year,
when full of fap, and the leaves fully expanded ;
and alfo in the third or laft quarter of the moon's
age ; is much more durable than when cut at any
other time. Timber when full of fap and vigour,
%n all probability, contains alfo more oily particles,
which, in proportion as they abound, are known to
add to its durability. With regard to the influence
pf the moon, it may probably be accounted a fuper-
ilitious
( 126 )
ftitious or whhnfical fancy, but that k materially af-
fcfts timber is a faft well known to thofc who ftrip,
or peel bark for the ufe of tanners; and when ac-
counted for in one cafe, may probably throw lomc
light upon the other. But further^ it is alfo a h&
well known, that timber, whole bark has been fuffi-
ciently feparated and peeled round at the but, in or«
der for deading, as it is termed ; if done in the de-
creafe of the moon, retains its greennefs often a con-
fiderable time; but if in the increafe, withers in a
much (horter time. From hence, I think, we may
conclude, that the fap or juice of trees, has a kind
of monthly circulation, or revolution ; afcending in
the moon*s decreafe, but defcending in the increafe.
However, be this as it may, the falling of timber in
the different phafis of the moon, is confidently at
ferted, from experience, to materially affeft its du-
rability.
RHODODENDRUM.
DWARF ROSE-BAY.
Clafs lo. Order !• Decandria Monogynia.
'T'HE Empalement is of one leaf, five parted and permanent.
-*• The Corolla of one leaf, wheel-funnelled ; the border fprcad-
ing: the divifions rounded.
The Filaments ten, thread-form, almofl the length of the co-
rolla, and declined. The Antherce oval.
The Germen five cornered, retufe. The Style thread-foim, the
length of the corolla. The Stigma obtufe.
The Seed-vejjel ovate, angled, five cell'd.
The Seeds numerous and fmall.
We have^ with us^ but one Species, viz.
Rhodo-
( 127 )
R'HODODkNDRUM maximum/ Pcnnfylvanian
Mountain Laurel.
This grows to the height of about fix or eight
feet^ often with feveral fiems from the fame root.
The leaves are oblong and entire, generally about
four or five inches in length and one and a half or
near two in breadth : of a thick confiftence, and
ihining dark green on the upper fide but lighter un-
derneath, continuing their verdure all the year.
The flowers are pretty large and of a pale rofe cor
lour, fludded with fpots of a deeper red, having
their tubes a little bent. They are produced at the
extremity of the former year's flioots, in roundiib
clufters, making a beautiful appearance. This is
much and defervedly efteemed as a very beautiful,
evergreea, flowering fhrub.
RHUS.
SUMACH.
Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia.
IP HE fiwpfl/ewffwt is five-parted, beneath, ereft, and perma-
I- nent.
The CdrUla of five petals, ovate and a little fpreading.
The Filaments are five, very'fliort. The Anthem fmall, ihort-*
er than the corolla.
The Gertnen above, roundifli, and the fize of the corolla. The
Styles [circezny. The 5%fiKw -three, hearted, fmall.
The Sfed-veJJlsl a berry, roundifli, and of one cell.
The Seed one, roundifli, bony.
Obf. The Toxicodendron has fmooth, ftriated berries : the
kernel comprefled and furrowed.
The Vernix is male and female upon different plants. '
The Glabrum (and perhaps fome others) is female and her-
maphrodite on different plants.
{ ^29 )
The Species ^fb usy ure^
I.Rhus Copallinum, Lenttfcus^kaved Sumach.
Thi$ »grows to tlw height ot fix, eight, or fome-^
times teo feet, diriding into ilehder branches, and
covered ^ith fpeckled btirk« The leaves are wing-
ed, and compofed of four or five pair of narrow,
entire lobes, terminated by an odd one^ joined to a
common fbotftalk; with decorrent, leaffv expanfi-
ons between each parr of lobes. The frowtrs are
produced in loofe, eompomid panicles, of an her-
baceous colour, and are fucceeded by reddifh feeds,
iprinkled with a greyifii pounce. This grows natu-
rally in a ilaty, gravelly foil. The berries are very
acid. There are fome varieties of this, much re-
fembling it but of fmaller growth, aiut with redder
berries.
2. Rhus glabrum. Smooth Pennfyhanian Su^
^ mach.
This grows naturally in fever ri of the northern
States, rifing to the "height of fix or eight feet, di-
viding in a few thick, pithy and fomewhat angled
branches; covered with a fmooth bark. The leaves
arc large an^d wiWgcd, cdWpofed <X eight, nmc, or
ten pair of lobes, and ah odd orte ; tmlong, |)oint-
cd and fawed on their «dges; of a pretty deep green
on their upper fidc», feot much lighter uiirdemeath
and changing 'reMife in autumn. The flolirftrs arc
hermaphrodite and female on fepara'te plants, Md
arc produced in large, creft, compounded panicles^
or thyrfi, terminating the brsmches ; of ml herbace-
ous colour; the hermaphrodite of which are largeft
and barren, but the female are fucceeded by feeds
\9ith a red meally covering, of an acid tafte.
RKirs
( 1*9 )
» $
Rrtu^ glabrum pat'oliftemc. Carolinian Scarlet-Jlowei^*
inz Sumach.
This is a variety of the laft defcribed, but differ-
ing in having icarlet flowers. ' ^ ^
Hhus gIaibi>iHn!canaldettfe.: :Ganadi^ Redjlowering
Sumach.
This is alfo a variety of the fame, growing natu-
rally in Canada, .j^ith red flower^^
, v^». Rhus ^i^pl^nijfla* : St^\f-'h9rti^ Suntfud?., ^
% . , ' .'
This grows ttikUfilty irt ^rgiiiik and Pennfylva-
nia,* ofmeti fifing tx) the heijght of twtlve or fifteen
fecv^tii a.<trunk.t)fi 6x or ei^fat iivihcs in diamei-
tpri dii^ingat-thci top into ievek-al branches ; which^
wheil youn^ 'afrei covered with a> folt, velv^-Uke
down^9>>fdreinUin^>that of a ybong ftag's horn, both
mus^ouTijslnd'tektnarp.- Thchsair^'ave coihpofedof
Hsu or icteii pail; bf obtong lobes, terminated by an
coiMt^OTie^ [cndhfig' in: acute poitntsv ^^ t6gether'with
. the anidrib, a Kttle hsiry underkieath* The flowers
ard^?^daced ih a ctefe; erefttpankle orthyrfus,
tch^inatkig^ the brafloidies^ thiey 'a:re' of an herbace-
ous iloloul* aAd are foitrceeded by^feeids enclofedin a
fnirpfe, wiodly^ fdeculdnt covering ; making a fine
appeacahce in^ the autumn*
4'PRHUi canadehfe. Canadim trifoliate Su-*
.» ' •■ • »
'This grows naturally in Canada, and perhaps the
northern parts of Pennfylvania. The ftems are flcn-
der, rifing to the height of fix or eight feet, and
covered with a brown bark. The leaves are com-
R ' pofcd
pofcd of three lobes,, fomewbat^^g-lhaped and
joined to a common footftalk. tne flowers arc
niale and female on different plants.
To ibis Genus is al/h addid^
TOXICODENDRON.
The POISON-TREE.
Of which we have y'
t • ft H tJ5-TaXl COD E H D RON Vcriiix. Vamijh^
Tree^ or Poiftm AJb.
This rifes widi -a pretty (Irong,: crcft ftem^ to^the -
height of twelve ot fourteen feet; .dividing towards
the top inta fovetal branches. . The leaves are wing*
ed,' and compofed ^f three ov four pair of lobes^
terminated by an odd ond ; which^6for thcmoft
part oval, fpear^^fhaped, fntt)oth, and ofa lucidgircii
on their upper fide^; but pakraild aiiittle. hairy uiii^
deriaeath ; tbeibr. footftalks .ofaanging of a purple-cow
lour in autumn*.. The male and femak flowsers are
produced /upoa <diflp»ent ire^ and ate difpo^din
locdTe: panicles, coming out from .the bofbioaL of the
leaves ; of an ' herbaceous colour* The feoii^e are
fucceeded by fmall, roundifli feeds, of a lights co«»
lour when ripe. This isi allowed ta . be. the ikme
with the true Varnifli-tree of Japan; where it is coU
levied in great quantities, by making incifions m the
trees and placing veflels underneath to receive the
milky juice, which hardens and becomes the true
varniih; mUch ufed in. virioua kinds of curious
wotkmanfhip. This, in all probability^ might be
coUeded here equal in quality with that of Japan
and to confiderable advantage^ This tree ought to
be
( 131 )
be handled with caution^ as it is very poifonotis to
many people.
2. Rhus-Toxicodendron toxicodendrnm.
Poifon-Oak. . ♦?
This has a low, fhrubby ftalk, feldom rifing above
three or four feet. The leave* arc trifoliate, with
pretty long footftalks, the lobes are entire, fmooth
and lomewhat heart-ihaped* The flowers come out
from the fides of the ftalks, in loofe panicles of an
herbaceous colour ; fmall, and not always herma*
phrodite. They are fucceeded by roundifh, chan*
neiled, finooth berries, of a yellpwifh grey colpur
when ripe.
3. RHus-Toxic6Pf:NDRoN:F$i4icans. PQifotk-
Vine.
This rifes with many Ihrubby climing ftems, at-
tachinj^ themfelves to every neighbouring fupport ;
and onen rifiiig to the height of twenty or thirty
feet, with a (lem of two or three inches in diameter;
fending off many branches. The leaves are trifoli-
ate, and have pretty long' footftalks ; the lobes are
fomewhat oval and pointed, often fomewhat toothed.
The flowers are produced in ihort. panicles from the
fides of the branches, and' are fucceeded by round*
ifli berries, of a browniih colour when ripe.
R I B E S,
# . * - . .
The CURRANT-BUSH.
I
Clafs 5. Order i. Pentandria Monogynia.
. . - ,
THE Empalement Is of one leaf, part iii;e-cleft and bellied :
the divifions oblong, concave^ colouredi xefle&ed and
perasinent. The
( »34 )
The Cwdh is of fere petals^ fmalf^ obtufe and ero^ adjofied
to the margin of the empalement.
The Filaments are five, awl-fliaped, ere6b and inferted in the
calyx. The Anthem are incumbent, comprefTed, and gap-
ing 2X the margin.
The Germen roundifh and beneath. The Style bi6d. The Stig-
'mas obtufe.
The Seedrveffel a berry, glohous, umhiHcated and of op^ tjell,
with Owo receptacles, lateral, oppofite and longitudinal.
The Seeds many, rouhdift, and fomewhgt tompreued.
5^^ Species, 'with usj are^ /
♦ *Ribefhiincrmia; CurranuTrees.
I. RiBEs nigrum pcnrifylvanicum. Iteknjyl--
voman Black Currants.
This grows to the height of the common c^tivat-
ed Currant, but the fialks are generally more flen^p
dcr and covered with a d^rkifh, fn^opth b^rk. The
leaves have th^ £i^n)e refemblance but are fmaller.
The flowers grow in loofe bunches, and are fucceed-*
ed by oblong, fcilackfr^iit when ripe.
* #
Otpffuliitrif^ a^lileatfp* Gmfo^h^rriesi
2 • Ri B £ $ oxycajithoides. Mountain Wild Go^fi-^
berry.
Thefc grow to the i(ize of the common Ooofe- ber-
ry, but have fmaller ftcms and not branching fo much;
but near the earth are often prickly on all fides. The
leaves are fmaller but have the f^me appearance. The
fruit is alfp miich fmaller but of an agreeable tafte
when ripe. This cither by a little culture becomes
fmpoth, otherwife we have a different kind, not
ffiore prickly than the common*
3. Bib
ES
C «33 )
■ •
3. R I B £ s cynofbati. Prickly fruited Wild
Gooft-berry.
This grqws naturally in Canada and the upper
pjirts of Pen^fylvania; and much rcfejnblcs the other,
except in hfiYin|; its fruit, covered pn 4II fides with
foftifli prUJcl^s.
R O B I N I.A. .
RpBINIA^or FALSE-ACACIA.
. Clafs 1 7. Order 3. Diadelphia Decandria.
HP HE Empalemtta is of one leaf, fmall, bell-(haped, and four-
^ toothed: the three inferior flender; the fuperior fourth
of double the width, and flightly emarginated ; all equal
in length.
The Corolla Butterfly-fliaped.
The Standard rpundifh, largq, fprcading and obtufe.
The IVirigs oblong, ovate, 'free; with very fliort, obtufe ap-
pendages. *
The Keel almofl femi-orbiculate, comprefTedt obtufe, and
tl^e length of the wings.
The Stofni^ ^^ Filaments in two fets, or bodies ; Cone fimple,
the other nine-cleft) rifing ab^ove. The Jnt%irce roundifh.
The Germen cylindrical, oblong. The Style thread-form, bent
upward. The Stigma villous before, at the apex of the ftyle.
The Seed'VeJfel large, comprefled, gibbous, and long.
The Seeds few, kidney-form.
The Species with us^ are^
I. RoBiNiA Pfeud- Acacia. White fowering
Robinia^ or Locujl'-Tree.
This grows naturally in feveral of th^fe States ;
rifing to the height of forty or fifty feet, with a
trunk of eighteen or twenty iriches in diameter, di-
viding
t 134 >
viding into many branches which are armed with
fhort, ftrong fpines. The bark' is darkifii coloured
and rough. The leaves are winged and generally
compofed of eight or ten pair of fmall, oval lobes,
terminated by an odd one; entire, of a bright green
and fitting clofe to the midrib. The flowers are pro-
duced from the fides of the branches in long pendu-
lous bunches, each having a feparate footltalk ; they
are white, of a butterfly fliape and fweet fmelling ;
and are fucceeded by comprefled pods, of three or
four inches in length and half an inch in width, con*
taining fcveral hard, kidney-fhaped feeds. The tim-
ber is very durable, and ufed for pofts to fet in the
earth, and other purpofes ; therefore, the propaga-
tion of it might be well worthy of att^tion. lu
natural place of growth is in a rich moift foil.
2. RoBiNiA rofea. Rofe coloured Robinia.
This fpreads much from its running roots, fend-
ing up weak branching fiialks, to the height of fix or
eight feet, but often flowering much fmaller. The
whole plant, with the footftalks of the leaves and
flowers, are dofely armed with foft, purplifli fpines.
'fhe leaves are winged and compofed of five or fix
pair of oval, concave lobes, terminated by an odd
one, with their midribs protruding in fhort briftly
points. The flowers are larger than thofe of th6
other kind and of a Peach bloflbm colour, with
their ftamina diilindly in two bodies ; whereas thofe
of the other are frequently all joined at the bafc.
This is a beautiful flowering flirub, fometimes flow*
ering twice or more in a fcafoq, but feldom produc-
ing feeds. There are feveral other varieties diflPer-
ing fomewbat in their pods pr colour of their flow<^
ROSA.
♦ ■ • • ' i • • * • .
R Q S A.
. The R OS E. B U S H.
Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia.
-T^EfE Empalemem is of one leaf. The *«*e bellied; narrovK-
^ ed at the neck; the (or^er fpreading, five parted and glo-
bous: the dlvifions long, narrovvr and pointed.
TheCofb/Zdi^compofed of five petals, heact-fhapedt tbelengtb
of the einp^lemenC, and inferted in its neck.
The Stamina are very many, capillary, very fliort, and inferted
in the neck of the empalement. The Stigmas obtufe.
The Seed'vejfel i$ flefhy, top-ihapcd, coloured, and of one
cell.'- :
The iJettrfj- Numerous, oblong, hairy^ arid joined within on all
-fides of the Seed-velTel.
, /\ The Species jjiafive ivith us^ are^
1. Rosa carolinenfis. Wild Virginian Rofe.
< ■ t >
• This^rifcs with fevcral ftalks.to the height of five
or fix tcct, fomewhat prickly, as are alfo the foot-
Italks of the leaves and flowers. The leaves arc
compofed of four ,ox five pair of lobes terminated
with an odd one, which are fomewhat fpear-ihaped
and fawed on their f^^fr Xhc.^pwers are fingle,
•f a red colour and late coming.
:,\\r.
2, Rosa paluftfis. Swamp Pennfylyqnian ^
This gf pws generally '. in fwamps j rifing to the
lieigbt of four or five. feet, with creft, and very
prickly ftems, braaching out at top in a regvtlar
head. The leaves are compofed of three pair of
lobes, terminated by an odd one, of an oblong, oval
fhapc
( 136 ')
ihape and flightly ferrated^ joined to a common
footftalk with a feW fpines underneath. The flowers
are fmgle and of a damaik colour; the hips or feed-
veflcls are of a dark red, rouAdifii, dcprefli^d, prick-
ly or briftly, ^and very clammy to the touch,
3. Rosa humilis, Divurf. PennfyJv anion R^fe.
This ri&swith feveral.flen4c;r ftcms tp the height
<)f two or three feet ; covered with a brownilh green
bark, and artned with a few fliarp fpines. The leaves
* arecompolVd 6f three or four pair of lob^s, aiid an
odd pne,; of an oblong egg-fliapc and ttiafply ia^^ed
on their edges. The leaves of the flower cup have
often linear, leaffy elongations; The flowers art
fmgle and of a pale reddifh colour.
4. Rosa pennfylvanica plena. Double Penn-
fylvanian Rofe.
This very much refembles the laft dcfcribed in
Srowth and appearance, exce|)t in haviii^ a dbuble
ower.
; R U B U.S. ■'•-■■■'■ '
' , t * , #1 I " I. - i •
the R'A'SPBltRltY BUSH and BRAMBL6:-
Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Polygynia.
TPjHE Empalemera is of one leaf, five-parted: the dfvilibns
"^ oblong, fpreading and permanent.
The Corolla is of five petals, roundilh, fomewhat fpre^ing, of
Che length of the Empalement and Inferted intt) it.
The FUaments are numerous, ihortcr than the ptetalb, -and irf-
ferted in the £mpalement. The jinthera are roud^ifli^aci
corapreiTed.
The Germen are numerous. The Styles fmall, capillary, and
arifing from. the fides of the germen. The Stigmas fimple
and permanent. The
( >37 )
The Seed-veffel a compound berry : the acini roundifli, collid-
ed in a coin vex head, concave beneath; and each with oQtf
cell.
The Seeds folitary and oblong; their receptacle conicaL
The Species, with usj are^
1. Rub us fruticofus. Common Blackberry
Bujh.
Thi8 rifes generally Twith fcvcral ftalks from the
fame root) to the height of four or five feet, but
fometimes to eight or ten : which are fomewhat an*
glcd, and pretty thick fet with fliarp prickles. The
leaves are compofed of three lobes, the fide oties of
which are often divided; moftly egg-ihaped, point*
edy acutely and unequally fawed on their edges, a
little hairy underneath, and joined to a pretty long
prickly £o0tftalk, the middle one extending fomo
little ^iftf^ee from the others. This is generally
well furniihediwith flowers, which often (land upon
panicled,.or divided footftalks^ and are fucceedcd
bybladk fruit when ripe^
2. RuBUs hifpidus. American Dewberry Bvjh.
This is much fmaller than the other, having feve*
ral (lender weak ftems, which often trail on the
ground to a confiderable diftanfce.' The leaves very
much rcfemblc thofe of the Blackberry, but are ge-
neraHy fmaller. - The fruit is alfo fmaller, rounder
and black(»r ; and fupported upon long, fimple, prick*
ly foot ftalks.
3. RuBUS
E.^
( 138 )
J. Rub Us canadeafi;^. Smooth /talked Canadian
Bramble.
This is faid to grow in Canada with purplifli ftalks
without prickles. The leaves are fingered; com-
pofed of ten, five, and three lobes, which arc very
Hender, lance-lhaped, and fharply ferrated.
*
4, Rub us occiden talis. American Rafpberry.
This rifes with a round prickly flalk, of fevcn or
eight feet in length, which often dcfccnds again ta
the earth in a fe mi-circular manner, fometimes tak-
ing root. The (talks are covercki with a thin bluiih
fcum or mift, and furnifbed with trifoliate leaves.
The lobes are fomewhat heart] or egg-fhaped; cut
and fawed on therr edges, wbitifii'anft downy under-
neath, the lateral ones fometimes drvtckd, the com-
mon footftalk pretty long, 'and the middle or termi-
nal lobe a little fubtended. The ftowers aire produ-
ced at the extremity of the branches in a kind of ra-
cemus or bunch, and are fucceeded by fmall fruit of
a reddifh black colour when ripe; the acini 6i which
are joined, parting entire from the conical receptacle*
5. Rub us odoratus. Virginian Rofe-flowering
Rajpherry.
This rifes with, upright woody flalks, without
prickles, to the height of three or four feet, cover-
ed with a brown icaly bark. The leaves ^refinglc,
large, palmated or divided into five or nvpre pointed
lobes, fharply fawed on their edges, a little hairy,
and joined to pretty long, hairy footftalks. The
flowers are produced in a kind of panicle at the ex-
tremity of the branches, of a curdled reddifli colour;
refembling
■ •»
s
\
( ^39 )
Tcfembling>a finall finglc Rofe, both in ^hcir petals^
and divifions of their flower cups which aj:e villous^
and terminate in leaffy elongations. This grows im-
turally on rocky mountains in Pcnnfylvania and Vir-
ginia, and makes an agreeable appearance by a long
fucceffion of rofe-fliaped flowers.
S A L I X.
The W I L L O W • T R E E.
Clafs 22. Order 2. Dioecia Diandria.
♦'X'HE Male Flowers are difpofed in a common, oblong, im-
J- bricated katkin, with an involucrum formed of the bud.
The Scales are one-flowered^ oblong, plain, and fpread-
ing.
It hath no petals; but a very fmall, cylindrical, truncat-
ed, honey-bearing Glan4 or Neffcarium, in the cen-
ter of the flower.
The Filaments are two, ftraight, and thread form. The j^n-
iherx are twin, and four- cell' d.
* The Fejnale have a katkin and fcales as the male. ■
The Fetals noije.
l^h^Germen ovate, and lefTened into a Stjle fcarce diftinft/fome-
what 4onger than the Scales of the flower-cup. 'tho Stigmas
two, bifid and erift. ^
The Seed'veffel a ^ag/i//^, ovate-awl-fliaped, of one cell and two
valves : the valves revolute.
The Seeds arc numerous, oA^ate, very fmall, and crowned with
a llmple hairy Pappus. \
The Species^ native with us, are,
* With fmooth ferrated leaver.
I. Salix nigra. Rough American Willonv.
This rifcs often with a leaning or croqked truiik
to the height of about twenty feet, covered with a
dark
I »4« >
dark coloured^ rough bark. The kavts are fmooth
and of equal cotour on both fides ; narrow, lauce-
ihaped, and very flightly ferrated. The katkins arc
long and flender.
• *
With ferraUd villofe leaves.
2. Salix fericea. Ozier^ or Silky leaved Wil^
low.
This rifes generally to the height of eight or ten
feet, with many ihrubby ftalks, covered with pretty
fmooth, dark, grcenifh bark. The leaves are fliort-
er and fomewhat broader than the other kigd» lance*
fliaped, filky underneath, and very iKghtly fcrrated
on the edges*
***
With entire villcf^ Uomu
3. Salix humilis. Dwarf Willow.
This feldom rifcs above threii or four feet, ^ith
greenifli, fomewhat downy ftalks The leaves are
larger than the other kinds^ entire^, oblong, fome-
what oval, and glaucous or whhife underneath.
There are fome varieties of larger growth, belong-
ing either to this or the laft mentioned kind.
S A M B U C U S.
ThQ ELDER- T R E E.
Clafs 5. Order 3. Pentandria Trigynia.
rpHE Empalement is of one leaf, above, very fmall, five-part-
-*• ed, and permanent.
The Corolla is of one petal, concave wheel-fliapcd, pant five-
cleft, obtufe, the (iivifions reflcxed.
^ The
( HI )
The Filaments five, a\^l-ihaped, the length of the coroUi. The
AnthercB roundifli.
The Germen beneath, ovate, obtufe. The St>fle none, but i»
its place a bellied Gland, The Stigmas three, obtufe.
The Seed'^effel a roundifli berry of one cell.
Tljf Seeds three, angular on one fide and convex on the other.
The Spci^ies, with us^ are^
1. Sambucus nigra. American Black-berried
Elder.
This rifcs generally to the height of fix or eight
feet, vrith a ftem fometimes of two or three inches
in diameter. The leaves are generally compofed of
three pair of lobes and an odd one, which are fome*
what oval, pointed, fharply fawed on their edges,
a liitle hairy on both fides, light coloured under-
neath and joined to pretty large, channelled foot-
ftalks, placed oppofitc. The flowers are produced
at the extremities of the fame year's flioots in a kind
of umbel, of five principal parts, again divided:
they are wiiite and are fucceeded by berries which
are blackifh when ripe. An infufion of the inner
bark is purgative. From the berries may be pre-
pared a fpirit, a wine, and an oil, which promote
urine, perfpiration and fweat.
2. Sambucus canadenfis. Canadian Red-ber-
ried Elder.
This grows naturally upon Mountain fides, or
moift, rich, fliaded places, in the back parts of Penn-
.fylvania. It has much the appearance of the other
kind, but produces red berries, which are ripe the
latter end of June, at the time the other is in flower.
SMILAX.
( 142 ) '
\
S M I L A X.
t
ROUGH BINDWEED, or GREEN BRIAR. ^
*
Clafs^22. Order 6. Dioecia Hexandria.
*nnHE Male have Empalements of fix leaves, of a fpreading-
-*• bell-fliape; the leaves are oblong, joined at the bife,
fpreading and reflexcd at the apex.
The Corolla none.
The Filaments axe fiXy fimple. The Art her<s oblong.
♦The Female have Empalements as the male, deciduous.
The Corolla none.
The Germen ovate. The Styles three, very fmalL The Stignuis
obloBl^g, reflexed, downy.
The ^eed-vejjel a globofe berry, of three cells.
The Seeds WOy globofe.
The Species, with.m^ are^
* With a fquare prickly ftem.
1. Smilax Sarfapanlla. Ivy leaved rough
Bindvueed^ or SarfapariUa.
This grows naturally in Virginia and to the fouth-
\^ard9 rifing up with prickly, angular ftalks. The
leaves are without prickles, oval Ihaped, pointed,
and three nerved,
2, Smilax virginianat. Lanceolate-Cleaved
rough Bindweed. /^
The ftalks of this are flender, angular and prickly.
The leaves are without fpines, Ipear-fhapcd and
. pointed ; their bafes not eared. T
** With
( ^43 )
** With a' round prickly ftem. ^
3. SmilAx rotundifolia. Canadian round
leaved Smilax.
•
The ftalks of this arc round and Winding, wirii a
few ftraight fpines; The leaves are heart-lhaped,
without ipines, five-nerved, having ihort footftalks-
with two flender clafpers.
Of,'
4. Smi lax laurifolia. Bay leagued rough Bind-
weed. .
" " V. • .
This hath a round ftalk, armed with prickles or
fpines. The leaves are of an oval lancc-fliape, with-
out fpines, and. of thicker confiftcncc than thofe of
the other fpecics. The flowers arc fmall and whit-
ifh, the berries black when ripe.
5^ Smi J- AX tamnoides. Bryony leaved rough
Bindweed.
The ftems of this are armed with prickles and
round ; climing upon the neighbouring trees for flip-
port. The leaves are without fpines, of an oblong
heart-fliape and five nerved. The berries are black.
6. S M I L A X caduca. Three^nerved- leaved rough
Bindweed.
This rifes witl\ round, naked, winding, ftalks,
armed with many (Iraight, black pointed fpines and
covered with a green bark. Tlje leaves arc ovate,
pointed, three nerved and annual. The berries
black.
*
*** With
( 144 )
*** With a fquare fmoQtb Jiem^
7. Sm I L A X bona nox, CaroUtiian prickly leav^-
td Smilax.
The ftalks of this are angular and without fpines.
The leaves are broad, and ciliated or iet upon the
margin with fpinos. There is alfo a variety with
narrow rough leaves, eared at the bafe and angular*^
*«♦« With a fmoQtb round ft em. *
8. Smilax lanceolata. Red berried Virginian
Smilax.
The ftalks of this are fmooth and round. The
leaves ace iK^thout ipines and lance-fbaped* The
berries red coloured.
9. Smii^ax Pfeudo China. Bayard China.
This hath fmooth round ftalks. The leaves are
wjthput fpines, thofe on the ftalks heart-*fhaf)ed, but
on, the branches lance-fliaped. The berries ^re hhck
and iupported on very long foptftalks.
S O R B U S.
The SERVICE TREE, QUICKBEAM, or MOUNTAIN ASH.
Clafs 12. Order 5. Icofandria Trigynia.
npHE Empalement is of one leaf, concave- fprcading, five-
•*• parted and permanent.
The Corolla is of five petals, roundifh, concave and ihferted in
the Empalement.
The Filaments twenty, awl-fliaped, and inferted in the Empale-
ment. The Anthera roundiih. f
The
( H5 )
The Germen beneath. The Styles three^ thread-form, stud
ereft. The Stigmas headed.
The Secd-veffel a berry, foft, globofe, and umbiilcated.
The Suids three, fomewhat oblong» diftin^l, and carttl3gin0Us.
The Species, with us^ but onSy vix.
SoRBtJs americana. American Servicv Trcd
This grows naturally upon the mountama towards
Canada; rifing to the height of about fiffteen or ci^«
teen feet, with an crcd ftem dividing into fcveral;
branches. The leaves are wiiaged, compofed: o£
eight or nine pair of lobes^ terminafted by an odd
one; which are narrow and fawed on llieir edgiQS«.
The flowers are produced at the extremity of the
branches in fprm of an umbel, and are fucceeded by
roundifli berries of a red colour when ripe;
S P I R iE A.
c.
S I* I It £ A.
«
Clafs 12. Ord^r 4. Icofandria Pdtitagynia.
THE tmfdkinefa is of oii« leaf, half five^ctef^ and pla&df
at the bafe: the divlfions acute; permanent.
The CoroUa of five petals, obloHg-rounded, and inferted in the
calyx.
. The FUanHents above twenty, thread-fdrm, fhorteir than the co-
roila, and inferted in the calyx. The. Antherm roundift.
The Germen five or more. The Styles as many, thread-form>
and the length of the Stamina. The Stigmas headed.
The Seed'veffels capfules, oblong, (harp-jpointed, comprefled
and two valved.
The Seeds few, fliarp-pointed and fmall.
Obf, S. opulifolia has three Styles.
The
( 146 )
* The Species, with usj are^
1. Spir^a hypericifolia. Canadian Spiraay or
Hypertcum-frutex.
This rifeft generally to the height of four or five
feet, dividing into stany (lender branches, and co-
vered with a dark brown bark. The leaves are ob-
long, entire, and fmooth, refembling thofe of St.
John's-wort, and placed oppofite. The flowers are
yellow, and difpofed in fmall umbels, fitting clofe
to the (talks, each having a long, (lender footftalk;
and are fucceeded by oblong, pointed capfules, filled
Y^ith fmall feeds. This makes a very good appear--
ance when in flower.
2, Spir^a opulifolia. Guelder Rofe^leaved
Spirts a^ or Nine- Bark.
This rifcs with many (hrubby branching (lalks^
covered with a brown fcaly bark, to the height of
five or fix feet. The leaves are fomewhat three
parted, the two fide divifions or lobes (mall, obtufe
and near the bafe ; the middle one large and point-'
ed; they are alfo flightly crenated^nd fawed on their
edges. The flowers arc produced at the extremity
of the branches, in form of a corymbus or clufter:
they are white with fomc fpots of pale red, and
are fucceeded by cluftcrs of greeniih, inflated cap-
fules.
Spir^a caroVmiaTia. Carolinian Guelder Rofe-leaved
Spiraa.
This is a variety of the former, and refembles it
fnitch in growth and appearance^
3. Spiii£a
( H7 )
3« Sfirjea tomeiitofa. Searkt ftwi^w PbiladiU
pbian Spiraa.
This grows naturally in Pennfylvania; rifing with
Ilender, branching ftaJks to tbie height of three or
four feet, having a purple bsurk, covered with a
Sey meally down. The leaves are fmall, ipear-
aped, unequally fawed on their edges, of a bright
green on their upper fides, but downy and veined
underneath. The flowers terminate the branches ia
form of a racemus or bunch } they are fmall and of
a beautiful red colour.
4. SpiRiEA tomentofa alba. White flowered Fbila^
delpbian Spiraa.
■ T
This is a variety of the former; rifing with (len-
der ftalks to the height of four or five feet. The
'leaves are fmall and of thm texture, of ^n oblong
oval, or fomcwfaat wedge fliape, fligfatly and iharp-
ly lawed on their edges, and a little downy on both
fides. The flowers are produced in manner of. the
former, of a beautiful whiter mailing a 1 pretty ap-
pearance. This is called. Indian Pipe Shank, from
the pithy ftems being ufed by the natiy^i»>fo|rtba$
purpofe.
I ♦ • •
STAPHYL^A.
BLADDER -NUT- TREE.
Clafs .5. Or4er 3. Pentandria Trigynia.
THE Empalemem is five-parted, concave, roundifH, colour-
edy and almoft the Hze of the corolla; • '. ^
The Corolla is five petalM, oblong; ef ea> and like th6 calyx:*
Th^ NeQaHum concave and pitcber-fliapie in the bottom of
the flower. * .-'-■:
Tbe
(
( 148 )
Tbe StminaMi^ five, oblong, ere£t» and the length of the
The Germen thickifli, ihr^e-pauted- The Styles three, fimple
and a little longer than the damina. The Stigmas pbtufe
9nd contiguous. - ; j
The Seed-vejfel three Ca^ulesy inflated, flaccid, joined by lon^
gitudinai futures; and with pointed tops gaping inwardly.
The Seeds are few, hard, and rdundifh, joined tp the interior
iotjires, •
The Species, iviib usy but one^ viz.
$TAPHYL^A trifoliata, Tbree^k^vi^d ^104-*
der-^nut-Tree,
This rifes generally to the height of eight or ten
feet, dividing into many branches, placed oppofitCf
ISbat -fattk of the fitf m and old branches are of a
grty ifli colour, but of the young ihoots of a ligiit
:een« Tbe leaves are trifoliate^ the middle icd^^
i^^ a footftalk; the lobes wot xsrai, lance-ftaped^
itly apdiharply fawbd on theif edges, and joined
to pretty. king commbn footftalks, {^ced oppofite.
Tbe flowf rs are produced upon pretty long, panicled
footft^s; they are white and are fucceeded by
pretty large, three-fided Madders or capfulesi, ei^-
clofmg a few roundifh, hard feeds.
STEWARTIA.
S t E W A R T I A.
Clafs 1 6. Order 5. Monadelphia Polyandria.
THE EmpalemeviM pi im ieaf, 6ve parted and fproadisg;
. tbe 4ivi0Pbs ov^tfi^ concave, and pergoutneat.
TheCi^ito codpQjll9 ^f live pct#ls, isvexle^^raiif^ fpr«ading,
^qual ^d large.
The
( »49 )
The Filament ^^numeToixs, filiformi ihorter ttei the corqlh^^
joined in a cylinder below, and to the petl^ ^t th|g ^^e.
The Antherss are roundiih and incumbent.
The Germm roundl^ and hairy. The Style uliform^ the leogtli
of the Stamina. The Stigma five cleft. .^
The Seed-yeJJel a juicelefs pmne^ live lobed, and five cell'd.
The Seeds are folitary, ovate and comprelTed.
Tbe Species but one^ vi&
STBvrAiLTiA Malacodendrof). Virginian Stewar^iia.
This grows naturally in Virginia; rifing with
flrong ft cms to the height of ten or twelve feet, and
covered iivith a brown bark. The leaves are oval
i^d fpoiewhat fpear-fhaped, moft.flightly ferrated
and villoTe underneath. The flowers ar^ large and
whke, produced fingly, and fitting clofe upign thf
ixnall branches. The fced-veffcls are 4ryy fpn^ewhat
copical, ligneous capfules, having five (harp angles,
and five c^lls> each containing one oblong impoth
feed. This makes a beautiful appearance vrh^Q/we))
filled with itg Jarge white flpwcrs* I
STY R A X.
The S T O R A X - T R E E.
Glafs 1 1 . Order i . Dodecandria Monogy nia,
THE Empalement is of one leaf, cylindrical, ere^, ihort and,
five- toothed. * 1 ; /
The Corolla it of one petal, funnel-form. The tube is ftort,
cylindrical, dnd the length of the calyx. The ?^a«!i«f five-
parted, large and fpreading: the divifions iaacerftaped and
obtufe.
The Fila9mntf ^iG ete&i placed in a circle, JBore than tweivse,
fcarce joined at the bafe, awl-fhaped and in(ferted in (he co-
rolla. . The..<db2:/^r(?are o^ioQg and ilra^ht.
The
( 15^ )
The Germen beneath. The Style fimple, eh6 length of the fti*
' m\nn. The Stigma lopped. ' ' • .
The Seed'vejfel a drupe f toundifh and of one cell. '
The Sieds two nuts, roundifli, pointed, convex oir one fide
and plane on the other.
Xhe Species, with us^ but one^: viz.
Sty RAX arfiericatia. Carolinian Storax-Tree*
THs> grows naturally in Carolina;, riiing with a
pretty ftrong ftem to the height of ten or twelve feet,
covered- with a imooth brownifh bark, and dividing
Into many flcnder branches. The leaves are pretty
large, bvil- fhaped, a little pointed, fcarce obfervably
tooihed, of a deep green, and a little downy on the
iipper furfacci but lighter and much more downy
lendetnefeith ; having fliortfootftalks, which together
with the yoiing Ihoots, arc alfo woolly or downy.
The flowers are produced upon the fmall brancbes^
in a kind of racemus or bunch; fupporting a few
fcattcrcid fl<>wcrs, which arc white, pendulous, and
have each ten ftamina and fomewhat the fragrance
of an Orange jSower, They arc fucceeded by round-
i(h fecd-veiTels, each containing two roundifh, point-
ed nuts or feeds.
TAX U S.
The Y k W -TREE.
I, . . . A
Clafs 22. Order 12. Dioecia Monadelphia.
> . . . .^ • . • ' ■ «
♦THHE Mafe. Flowers have no EmpalementSt but a bud of four
1 ^ leaeres fomewhat lake one.
They have no Corolla.
The Blamtras are numerous^ joined beneath in a column, and
Longer .than the bud. The Anthera are deprelTed, obtofe at
the margin, eight-cleft, ^ gaping on ever^.Ude at the bafe
Can^
( '51 X
(and having caft their farina) plane, targctted, and .f«intrka«'
ble for their eig;ht«cteft mdiSie. - •. t v r. :
* The Female Empalements are as in the Male.
They have no Cardila.
The Germen is oyate and pointed. The Stjk none. ; ; The Stig*
ma obtufe. . . ^,
The Seed-vejfel is formed of the lengthened receplacle, inta a
globofe, fucculesit, coloured covering or berry> open at top.
The Seed one, oblong-ovate, the apex protruding out of the
berry.
We have, native but one Species^ viz.
Tax us canadenfis. Canadian Teiv-Tree.
This fhrub is of low growth, but divided into
many branches fprcading on every fide. The leaves
arc narrow, ftiff, linear; pointed, and evergreen ;
thick fet upon all fides of the branches, but inclin-
ing upwards. The flowers come out thick upon the
fides of the branches and are fucceeded by oval,
red, fucculent berries, open at top, and enclofing
an oval brown feed. This is a beautiful evergreen
ihrub, capable of being formed into any ihape.
T H U Y A^
ARBOR VITJE, or TREE OF LIFE.
Clafs 21. Order 9. Monoecia Monodelphia.
* rpjjE jjf^g Flowers are difpofed in oval katkins, and arc
-*- placed upon a common footflalk m triple oppofition ;
each one having for its bafe
A Scale fomewbat ovate, concave and obtufe.
Ko Corolla, but
Jour Filaments in each flower, fcarcc manifeft, and as many
AnthercSy adjoined to the bafe of the fcaly cup.
* The Female flowers are upon the fame plant, iri fomewhdt
ovate Cones, compofed of oppofite Scales, which are two
flowered, ovate and contex.
{152 )
No Ofofftf.
The Germen is very fmall. The Styli awl-flitped. The StigiM
fimple.
The Seed'veJJel a Cone, oblong-ovate, obtufe, and gaping loo-
gitudimllyi the Scdes are ohiong, yearly equal, convex out-
wardiy and obtufe.
The Sieit art dhlong, begin loogitudfAallf with a membrana^
ceoos, end-bitten wing. «
The Species^ with us^ but one^ viz.
* * J
V >
Thuya occidentalis. American Jtrbor Vit^.
This grows naturally in Canada, and other north'*
crn parts of America ; rifing to th6 height of thirty
or forty feet, with a pretty ftrong ftem, fending off
many branches, which arc produced irregularly and
ftand almoft horizontally. The bark of young trees
is of a dark brown and fmooth, but afterward be-
comes cracked and lefs fmooth. The young branch-
es are flat, and coverfed with very fmall leaves, lying
over each other like fcales of fifli. The cones are
fmall and loofe, containing but few oblong, winged
feeds.
Thuya variegata. Striped leaved Arbor Vitars
This is a variety of the fixft, differing in having
-ftriptd or variegated leaves.
Thuya odorata. American Sweet-fcenied Arbor Vita*
This is alfo a variety of the fame, agreeing with
it in growth and appearance ; but differing in its
leaves or fmall branches, being of an agreeable, of
fwect fccnt, when bruifcd*
TILIA.
( fjl )
T I L I A.
The LIME, or LINDEN-TREE.
X »
Glafs 13. Order 6* . Polyaudria Hexagynia.
HE Emptdemera is five parted, . concave,, coloured, almod
the length of die corolla, and d^c^dupus.
The Corolla is of five petals, oblong;;^obtufe and notched at the
(end. ' " '-■' "- Y
The Fi/am^^j are in«ny, (thirty and 'upWards)'awl-fhapeS, and
the length of the corolla. .Thc:4ft^rdf are fimple. »
The Germen rouadrA. The S^yU filiform, .the length of the
, ftamina. The Stigma obtufely fiye-fided.^
The Seed-vtJJel a Cayuky coriaceous, g^obofe, five-cell' d, five-
vaNed, and gaping at the bafe.
The 5wrf folitary and roundiih.
Olf. The Capfule appears to have but one cell and one feed^
Che other four being abortive.
The American Tilia has five Scales placed round the bud
and joined to the claws of the corolla;
* ' ■•
^he Species with m^ are^
I. Tilia americana. Americdn black Litfie^ or
Linden-Tree. ..^
This often becomes a tree of a large fizc, covered
with a dark brown bark, and dividing into many
branches. The leaves are large, heart-fhaped, point-
ed, and fawed on their edgesi, of a deep green on
their upper fides, but paler and a litdc hairy under-
neath; and ftanding on long footftalks. The flow-
ers are produced upon the fmall branches, and are
remarkable for having an- oblong hraBea ox ^dxA
leaf upon each foot(lalk \ they^ are of an herbaQepus
colour, having narrow petals furnifhed wltU iie^a-
ries at the bafe. The capfules are rounds a little
hairy
U
( 154 1
hairy and about tbe fiac of a fnall pea, having each
one roundifh feed.
2 , Ti L I A caroliniana. Carolinian oBlique^/eaved
: Lime-Tree^
This it of fin^H^r growth thaii the fbjmi^, ^^Z
commonly Jo the htfght of abont forty ftet, with a
trunk of eighteen inches or more in diameter: CO-
fveredi wtdii' .a Ughtiih an4 CHoewhat furrowed bark,
emd fending off many branches; The leaves arc
finalier and fmoother than thofe of Che otter kiiti,
foine\vhat heart-{kaped„ ending in long points, un-
equal at the bafe, or larger on one fide of the nudxib
than the other, and Sightly &wed oa their edges.
The bunches of flbWers ftand upon Ibng flemler
footftalks, furniflacd. with fforal leaves. The flow-
ers are fmall, ' and have narrow, pointed petak, fur**
nifhed with nedaries or fcales at the bafe ; they dif-
fufe a fragrant odour, and are eonlinually haimted
by bees during their continuance. An infufion of
the flo\eers of Lime-tree has been ufed with fuccefs
in an Epilepfy- The timber is too fofi: for any ftrong
purpofes, therefore, chiefly ufed by turners, carvers,
&c. alfo, by architects in framing models of build-
ings, &c.
» , '
T I L L A N D S I A.
., ; T I L L A N I>S I A.
. Ciafs S. Order i; Hcxandrla Monogynia.
' ^ A ^rfE J5mpaTff7»tfwrls*Gf Otic leaf, threes prsrted, obldng and
JL pwittament: the diviflons oblong-faUced, and iltorp-
V^Q Corolla tubulous and of one petal. The tube long and bel-
lied. The harder three-elefty abtufe, ereft and fmall.
The
( H5 >
The FUmims are fix, as long as the tube of the corolli. The
Amhi90^^^ -a^^mcumheot In the neck of the corolla.
The Getmen is oblong, and pointed on every fide. Tke Style
filifonn, and the length of the ilamina. The Stigma three-
deft and obcu£e.
The ^eed'veffel a Ca^ule^ which is long, obtufely three-fided,
pointed with about one cell and three vallves.
The Seeds are fnany, 'jeiiiad to a very k>ng, capillsHy ps^us or
doiriL
9%^ Species, wib vs, but one^ viz.
TiLLANDSiA ufheoides. Carolinian TUlandfia.
This is a paralite plant ; or growing upon tli^
branches of trees and hanging down with very flenv
der» rough, branchii^ threads or ftalks, in manner
of mofi. The leaves are whitifh and hoary.
U L M U S.
The E L M . TREE.
Clafe 5. Order a. Peortrandria Digynia.
THE Empalemefit is of one leaf, top-iliaped, and wrinkled.
The border five parted, ered, coloured within, and per*
manent.
The Coro//a none.
The Filaments five, awl-ihaped, and twice the length of the
calyx. The Jntberw four-furrowed, ereft and fhort.
Th^Germen orbicular and erefl. t^he Styles two, ihorter than
the (lamina and reflexed. The Stigmas downy.
The Seed-veffai A intpe^ oval coinprefi^> membranaceous and
jjuicelefs.
The Seed one, roundifli and tisbtly cognprefled.
Th Species, mth t4^j are^
J, Ulmus
i 156 y
1. Ulmus amcricana. American rough leaved Elm-F
" u
This rifcs to the height of about thirty fcet/^itU
a pretty ftrong trunk; dividing into many branches^
and coyercd with a Ughtiih coloured rough bark,
The leaves are oblong, oval and fharp-pointcd,
fomewhat unequally fav?ed on their edges, unequal
at the bafc, very roggh on their u^ppr . furface and
hairy underneath. The flowers are produced thick
ijpon the branches, upon (hort, collefted footftalksji
and are fucceeded by oval, comprefled, membrana-
ceous feed-veflcls, with entire margins i containing
each one oval, ,(comprefled feed.
2. Ulmus mollifolia. American foft-I^aved Elm^
This grows to the fame fize, or perhaps larger
than the firft kind. The IfjaV^s are of an oblong
oval, fharp-pointed, unequal at the bafe, doubly
ferrated on their edges and hairy underneath : but
fmooth on the upper furface, of thinner texture and
foftcr than thofcof the firfl: kipdf... The feed-veflcls
are alfo confiderably fmaller, end nicked or cleftj^
^nd ciliated or fringed on the margin.
V A G C I N I U M.
«
WHORTLE- BERRY. .
Clafs 8, Order i. OAandria Monogynia,
npHE Empalement is very fmail, above, and permanent.
^ The Corolla is of one petal, bell-fhaped, and four-cleft :
the divifions turning back.
The Filaments are eight, iirople. The Jnthera two-horned,
furniflied on the back with two fpreading awns, and gaping
at the jops.
( «57 )
The Oermen. is beneath. The Style Ample, IcuigBrthail 'the
ftamiDa. The Stigma obtufe. j
The Seed-veJJel a berry, globofe, umbilicated and foiir ceU*d.
I The Seeds folitary and fmall. *
Obf. The number of damina are ten, in many of the fp^cies.
. Tie Species, tuitb usj are^
J * With annual deciduous leaves.
I. Vaccinium arboreum. WintcTy orTrteWbor-
tlc'Berry.
This grows naturally in Carolina; rifmg to the
height of ten or fifteen feet, with a pretty ftrong
ftem, dividing towards the top into many branches*
The fruit is fmall, ripening late in autumn*
s. Vaccinium album. Penn/yhanian White Wbor-
th'berry.
This is-a fmall flirub, rifing to the height of about
two feet. . The leaves are entire, egg-ihaped and
'downy underneath. The flowers, are produced ^t'
the ends of the branches, ftanding two or three to-
gether upon very ihort, naked footftalk^. The fruit
is fmall and whitiih.
3. Vaccinium cprymbofum. Clujier-flowered Vac*
cinium*
This grows naturally in fwampy or moift places,
rifing to the height of five or fix feet. The leaves
are entire, oblong, oval, and fomewhat downy un-
derneath. The flowers are produced in clufters or
rather one rowed, fliort, roundifh bunches; fet pret-
ty clofe on the fmall branches. The fruit is of a
dark purplifh colour when rjpe, and of an agreeable
acid tafte.
There
k »58 )i
. IThefe Sire fomc varieties/l think, i>f tfab grow*
ing upon higher ground, and of much fmaHer growdij
the leaves of fome of which are moft flighdy an4
fliarply fifrratcd*
4. Vaccinium frondofiim. Leitff'V&idnium^ 9r Ifw
dian Goofeberry.
This grows naturally upon Whortle-bcrry ground;
riiiog to the height of three or four feet, gdverally
with a leaning, crooked, branching ftem. The
leaves are entire and of an oval lance fhape. The
flowers are produced in frondofe racemi or bunches,
^t with fmall oblong leaves, at the bofom of which
the' flowers come out, upon pretty long, fimpl^,
(lender footftalks; they are (pmewhat bdl^fliaped,
the anthcrae are very long, two homed : the horns
two ckftr The fruit or berries are oval, and of the
iize of a fmall Goofeberry^ reddifh coloured, foft,
fuccuknt^ r and of a difagreeable tafte.
5. Vacc^nium ligufhrinum. Privet-leaved WbortU'^
berry*
This rifcs to the height of about two or three feet,
dividing into fmall branches. The leaves are fmall
and oblong. The flowers are produced in flioxt ra-
cemi, or bunches, which come out alternately, and
thick upon the branches ; and are naked, or without
floral leaves. The berries are round, black and of
an agreeable tafl:e.
6. Vaccinium ftamineum. Long^leaved Vaccinium.
This is alfo of fmall growth. The leaves are ob*
long and very entire. The flowers come out at the
bofpm of the leaves, upon folitary, flendec footftalks,
each
( m )
each fupporting one flower, which, is^ of a fpresidin^
bcU-fliapc and five cleft at the border/
* * With evergreen leaves.
f. Vaccinium hif{ndtilttm# Marjk VMC^lt^nJ^tSf
Cranberry. - c.?.rr/r*
This grows naturally in mofly fwaipM, :^^itti^lfen^
dcr, creeping ftalks, covered wjfh' btittly. fcalfe|#
The leaves arc oval, or Fomewhat obl,6hjg 20ld^^
kg. The. fruit or berries arc lartfe aM.xfed^m ro^
loured; and oF^a bitterilh acid taue.,' " • f' "^o
.-I
»F
8. Vaccinium pennfylvanicam. Myrtle leaved fac
cinium^ or Cranberry.
The leaves of this are oval and fliarp pointed.
The flowers are white and nodding^ produced from
the bofom of the leaves. The berrtesare red and
Imafl, ''
VIRfiURNUM. /■
V
ttJANT MEALLY, or WAY-FARII}aT|(KE.
Clafs 5, Order j, Pentandria Trigynia.
^tTfitE 6inpnlment is foirr toothied, abot;*e, very flnril unKl pm-^
-*- nmnerrt. , . . >
The Cirottf Is of one peed, blsl^A^ed, )}alf five-^kft: ^|e
diyiii,9n^ -obtdfe and lefi exed. .
The Fiiamems are five, awl-ihaped anct the length of the corol-
la. The ^nthera roundiih,
TbeO^ff^^ft beileath, tmndiOi. Th^ S^Utimi^ iMit in its
place a toprihaped Gland. The Stigmas three.
' ^Pht Stti-vtjfily a fom^iwhsit oval^ cdflipp^lfed bttxYt <^ one
• otfll.
^'
i ^^0 )
I
fie Species, with us. are^
I. Viburnum acerifoliutn. Maple-leaved Viburnum.
This rifcs generally to the height of four or five
feet,^ with an ercOif flenderftem, fending off a few
oppofite branches. The leaves are fomewhat three
Ipbed^, tpothed, or pretty largely fawed oa their
edj^es; a little hairy underneath, and joined to round
^fobtHialks, placed oppofite. The flowers terminate
^e p;alks aad brajriches in cyma (about fcven parted)
or kind oF umbels j they are white and arc fuccced-
cd by fomewhat oval, compreffed, black berries
when ripe.
* t «
2. Viburnum dentatum. Toothed-leaved Viburnum^
or Jr row: Wood.
This grows naturaljiy iii * moift places, rifing up
with fevcral ftraight flems, to the height of ten or
twelve feet, fending off feveral flender, oppofite
branches. The leaves are roundiih or oval, pointed,
and toothed on theif edges, much veined and placed
oppofite, upon round» downy fpotftalks. The flow-
ers are produced at the tops of the flralks and branch-
es, in €yma or kind of umbels, about feven parted,
in manner pf thofe of the Elder but much fmaller ;
jthey are white and are.fucceeded by dark bluifli co-
loured, oblong berries. The young flioots of this
tree are generally vfed by the natives for arrows^
whence it is known by the name of Arrow-wood.
. 5« Viburnum prumfoUum. Bliick Bawp
This. I take to be our common, fmall black Haw;
which rifes with a fl:iff ftem to the height of about
ten or fifteen ftet, dkiding into masy^^branches,
which
'( i6i )
which arc generally fet pretty thick with fliort, ftrpng^
horizontal fpurs or iKort branches, ftanding oppofite.
The bark of the thmk or ftem is dark and rough,
but hf the young branches fmooth. The leaves are
.^f an oblong oval, itnooth^ finely and fiigfatly fer«-
rated, and placed oppofite upon ehannelled foot-
ftsdks. The flowers terminate the branches in four
parted ^ymai they are whice and make a pretty
gQf)d appearance* The berries are oblongs eval,
cmipre&d and black when ripe.
«
r
4. VitfORSUM nudum, Tinus kavadt or Swantjf
• Viburnum. ' :
This grows naturally in moift or fwarapy places,
rifmg to the height of ten 6t twelve feet. The bark is
fmooth and of the young fhoots purplifh* The leaves
are ova), laneet^Ibaped, of a thick confidence and
ineid green colour: often (lightly fcrrated, and dandl-
ing oppofite. The flowers are produced in manner
0f the other kinds and are fucceedcd by bcrriits of
neat^ly the fame ftzt and fliape, changing black when
tipt.
...
"5. Viburnum Lentago* Canadian Viburnum^
This rifcs to the height of about teti or twelve feet*
covered with a brown bark, and divided into many
branches, which, when young* are covered with a
fmooth purplifli bark. The leaves are fmooth, oval,
flightly fawed on their edges, and ftand generally
oppofite upon fhort flender footftalks. The flowers
are produced in manner of the other kinds and arc
fucceeded by berries of the fame {hape, and black
when ripe.
X 6. ViBUR-
]
( i62 )
6. Viburnum alnifolium. Alder-leaved Viburnum.
This ^row$ naturally in Carolina and other parts
of America; rifing with a fhrubby (talk to the height
of eight or ten feet, covered with a fmooth purplifli
bark, and divided into feveral branches. The leaves
are heart-ihaped, oval, iharp-pointed, deeply fawed
on their edges, ftrongly veined, and placed oppofite
upon long flender footftalks. The flowers are col-
lected in large cymes or umbels at the ends of the
branches, thofe ranged on the border are male, but
the center is filled with hermaphrodite flowers, which
aire fuccceded by pretty large, oval berries, red co-
loured when ripe.
7. Viburnum triloba. Mountain Viburnum.
. This grows naturally upon montains in the interior
parts of Pennfylvania; rifing with flender fl;em& to
the height of eight or ten feet. The leaves are fome-
what like thofe of th^ Guelder Rofe or Snow-ball
tree ; they are narrow at the bafe, but fpreading and
divided into three fliarppointed lobes, the middle
one largeft, longed, and fometimes flightly tooth-
ed. The flowers ate produced in form of the others,
and are fucceedcd by berries of the fame fliape, of
a pretty large fize and red colour when ripe.
V I S C U M.
M I S S E L T b E.
Clafs 22. Order 4. Dioecia Tetrandria.
♦ nPHE Male Flowers jiave their EmpaUmeraSf five-parted; the
-*- loaves oval and equal.
They have no petals.
The Filaments or rather Jntherce are four, oblong and pointed,
joined to the leaves of the calyx.
The
( i63 )
'''The Female have Empatemems, four leaved: the leaves ovai,
fmall, fitting clofe, deciduous and placed upoji the gerinen.
They have no petals.
The Germen are oblong, three-fided, their margins crowned,.
obfolete, four-cleft, and beneath. The Styles nbne. The
Stigfims obtufe.
The Seed-vejfels berries, which are. globofe, fmootb, and ot
of one cell.
The Seeds fingle, fomewhat heart- Oiape^, comprefled and flefhy^
. • ■ - •
The Species, with us^ are^
I. ViscuM rubrum. Red berried Miffeltoe^
This grows upon the branches of trees and is not
found growing in the earth as other plants. It rifes
with fleiider woody ftalks, feveral inches in height,
fpreading and forming a tuft or bufli. The leaves
are lance-ihaped and obtufe. The flowers are pro-
duced in fpikes from the fides of the (talks, and thofe
of ttfb female are fucceeded by roundifli red beirics,
containing each one heart-fhaped, comprefled fded,
furrounded by a tough vifcid fubftance.
2. ViscuM purpureum. Purple-berried MiJJeltoe.
This alfo rifes up from the bratiches of trees like
the other. The leaves are inverfe-egg-fliapcd, or
oval and narrowed towards the bafe. . Th€ flowers
come out in racemi or bunches from the fides of the
ftalks ; the female of which are fucceeded by berries
of a purple colour when ripe*
There is a variety of this with yicUow leaves, refem-
bling thofe of the box; the berries arc alfo produced
.in bunches and arc of a fnowy white when ripe.
Mifleltoe is moft frequently found growing upon
the Nyfla Sylvatica or Sour Gum, in the ihiddlc
States, but to thefouthward upon oaks« It is pro*
pagated by birds feeding upon the bcrriea, the feeds
of
i_
( i64 )
olvwhkh; femidtiaie^ bf tbetr glotlnofity ^KUiere to
the outfide of their beaks^ and are thus tranfported
to neighbouring tree&» and being wiped off upon
(heir branches/ fiick faft, and germinate^ producing
new planta. From the berries of MifTeltoe, Birdlime
wai formerly made ; but for this purpofe thofe of the
common Holly are faid to be better. This plant b4th
been much recommended for the cure of Epiiepfies.
V I T I S.
The V I N E.
Clafs 5* Order i. Pentandrla Mon6gyma.
HTHE Emfdtment is five toothed and v^rf ftniU.
•*■ The Petals are five, rude, finall, and felling off.
T}ie filgments are five, awl-Oiaped, a little fpreadiQg, and falU
ing off. The AnxheY<e are (imple. ^
Tht. Oetmen ovate. 1 he St^k nofid. The Stigma ^CufeThcad^
pd, . ■ >
The Seed'veffel a bexxy, rauadifli, large, and of one celL
The Seeds are five, hard, end-bitten at one end, and contraft-
ed at^tbe o^her.
. ' "The Species, 'wUb us^ are^
1. Vitis arborea, Car$lmau Vine^ cr Pepper^
This grows naturally io Caro}ina».rifing wUJb ikrv*
d^rx tigpeoua) climbing ftiik^, andiaft^Aingtl^ai-
felves by tendrils to any n<5ighb0urii»g fupport. The
leaves are bra(iching and winged, compofcd general:
ly.<^.twoi^dc>brai|chHcs of five kf^Kfi each, xwf> of
ta«ee. leavjCf, a^id terminating with three ; vbich arc
foftall a^d fomewhat toothed* Ti^ .flpweiv9 4rc pro^
4«€^ ia lofi^^efepft^rs.from tfoc w^gs qf thiCiftaite;
they
i 1^5 )
V
they arefmaQ and white^ and atrefucoeded bj faudi
berries of a purf^iih colour when ripe.
2. VtTis vinifera americana. American Gr$ftt
Vine.
There are many varictie$ of this, which geMraU|'
rife up with ftrong ftems, climbing by tencliiis or
clafpers upon neighbouring trees for fupport, often
to the height of thirty or forty teet, and of tirOt
three or four inches in diameter \ cpvercd with ^
dark, rough, loofe bark. The leaves are gencrall]^
heart^fhaped and fomewhat three bbed ; fawed on.
their edg^s, and downy or hairy underneath, Th^
grapes are produced in bunches, in form of the £u*^
ropean kinds, generally between *the fize of a Cur-
rant and Goofeberry : dairkifh coloured, or with a
light bluifh caft, and for the moft part ef an acid
agreeable tafte.
3. ViTis vulpina. Fox^Grape Vine.
This in manner of growth hath much the appear-
ance of the other kinds. The leaves are generally
larger, and fmooth, but whitifii unde?neatb. The
fruit or grapes arc about the fize of a common cher.
ry and have a ftrong fcent, a little approaching to
that of a Fox, whence the name of Fox-grape.
There are alfo Varieties of this, iome with whitifii
or reddifh fruit which is generally moft efteemed^
and others with black, of which are our largeft
grapes.
4. ViTis Labrufca. Wild Axnerican Vifie, •
The ftcms of this have the appearance of our
other kinds. The leaves are generally lefs and of a
thinner
( i66 >
thinner texture. The berries or grapes ^re prochr-
ced in loofe bunches ; they are fniall, and are of
feveral kinds, fome reddim, others of a ihining
black, and fome of a bluiOi coldur; all of an acerb
difagreeable taile.
4 •
5. ,ViTis laciniofa. Canadian Par/ley- leaved
Vine.
t The ftalks and branches of this refemblc the
6thcrsl The leaves arc cut into many (lender fcg-
ments, fomewhat in manner of a Parfley-Ieaf. The
grapes are. round and white, and are produc(jd in*
loofe bunches ; they are late ripe and not very \«^cll
flavoured.
XANTHOXYLUM.
The TOOTH-ACH TREE.
Clafs 22. Order 5. Dioecia Pentandria.
♦TPHE Male Flowers have Empalements four-parted j the
/- leaves oval, ereft and coloured.
T y have no Petals.
The Filameras in each arc generally five, a\^I-fhaped, ereft and
longer than the calyx. The Anthers are twin, roundifli and
furrowed.
♦The Female have Empalements as. the male.
They have no Petals.
The Germen in each are generally Bwe^ often lefs, with fliort
footflalks, oval and ending in as many awl-ihaped Stytes.
The Stigmas are obtufe.
The Seed'veffels are Capfulesy of the fame number with the ger-
men, oblong, of one cell and two valves.
The Seeds are Hngie, roondiiJi and fmooth.
ne.
\ ( 167 )
\
V
' The Species, with us^
Xanthoxylum fraxinifoliuq, AJh-teaved Tooths
ach Tree.
This grows naturally in Pennfylvania and Mary-
land; rifing with a pretty ftrong ftem to the height
of ten or twelve feet ; and dividing in many branch-
es, which are covered with a purplifh bark, and
armed at each bud with two ftrong, fharp fpines.
The leaves are compofed of four or five pair of lobes,
terminated by an odd one \ which are entire and of
an obloug egg-fliape, placed oppofite and fitting
clofeto the common footftalk, which is alfo fet with
*a few fpines underneath. The flowers* are produced
along the branches, upon fhort collected footftalks}
and thofe of the female are each fucceeded, for the
moft part, with five diftind, oval capfules, joined
by (hort footflalks to the common receptacle, and
fpreading above; each containing one roundifh,
fmooth feed.
There is faid to be another Species, or perhaps
Variety, of this in South Carolina, differing in hav-
ing the lobes of their leaves lance-lhaped, lawed on
their edges and having footftalks. The bark and
capfules are of a hot acrid taftc, and are ufed for
cafing the tooth-ach, from whence it obtained the
name of Tooth-ach Tree : a tinfture of thctti arc
alfo much commended for the cure of the Kheuma*
tifm,
X A N T H O R H I Z A.
SHRUB YELLOW ROOT.
Clafs 5. Order 6. Pcntandria Polygynia.
nPHE Empalement none.
•* The CoroUa is of five petals, lance-fliaped, pointed 'and
fpreading. The
( m )
The Ne&^arium crowning the corolla/ of five fmall leaves,
fomewhat two*lobed: Che lobes very fmall, roondifh^
or rather runcinate, and. inferted by flender claws in
the commoti receptacle, alternating with the petals.
The FUaments five, fliort and thread-fornL The Jnthera round-
. ilh. • . ^ •
The Germen fQveral, moft frequently from feven to eleven,
fmall and ending in as many awlfliapcd, fhort, incurved
Styles. The Stigmai acute.
The Seed-vtlJelt t$ many Capfules ; which are fmall, fomewhat
oval, comprefTedt oblique pointedi of one cell and two
valves, joined at their bafe to the common receptacle, and
{preading above.
The Seeds are Imgle in each cell, fmall, fomewhat ovate and
lightly compreflbd
ObJ. The petals are fometimes fix in number. The number
of Stamina are alfo fometimes Increafsd.
Thf Speciee bui one^ ^t.
XanTKorhiza fimpliciflima. Shurb Yelloiv
Root.
This IS a fmall (hrub, growing naturally in Caro*
Itna. The roots are flender and cylindrical, but
fending off fide flioots by which it fpreads much}
the wood of whichj^ together with that of the ftems^
are of a bright yellow colour. The Items are flender^
fifing to the height of two feet or more, generally
fimpTe, or without branches, and covered with a
iightiih brown bark. ' The leaves are compound,
confifting of two pair of oppofite lobes, terminated
by an odd one ; the lobes are much and deeply cut
or cleft on their edges, (fomewhat in form of Gar-
den Lovage) and joined to very long, common foot-
ftalks, commg out from the tops of the ftems. The
flowers are produced at the topiof the form.cr year's
growth, in a compound or panicled racemus\ haying
their partial foptfi&lks geQer:iiUy three flowered ^ they
are
( ibg )
are fittall and purpUfli coloured, and are fudceedcid
by little heads of fmall^ cdmpreffed capfules, each
encloiing one fmall feed. The ilowers on the par-
tial or fmall footftalks, are not produced at once,
tbofe that are middle-mod or terminal come out
iirfl: and are hermaphrodite^ and generally barren ;
thofe on the fides come out later, but one of which
is generally fruitful $ from isehence, I had fuppofed^
fome of the flowers were female, and to the contrary
of which I am not yet fully convinced.
This Ihrub, frQjn thj vcllpyMfs^pf its tpots and
ftems, it is Highly ^o&tlle/ mCgh& b6 ei^lc^'ed to
good purpofe in dying cloaths, &c. It har hitherto
been undefcribed by Botanical writers, though nam-
ed ii> fomc^ late ^C^t^logppjB ii^^Rdjqi^r of , M*:^aL^i
feut having impofed the forWr nai»e,,J>cfof{g. ^j^
heard oi this,rhave chofe.to retain it as beihe, cx^
preffivc 6f . Its Qualities aijd a^pp^arance-
\
r
1
r
t ' ■ f ' f
1 A
r
' ■ I »
t)'\r".^
^ : .« . ' ■• ■ <
•»
I • . • » « I «
» »■
.•M , ' ' r •• V • > •*• f ' t . '; ■ i » > .»•.>«»
t . < • . ' . • • :
. •! '
r • I •
: :AD YtK T,i s^ M £ n.t:
BOXES of SEEDS; and gtoVing PLAINTS,
^ of; the FoREsf Tr'eES^ /FLOWEJilNG
Shrubs^, &d of the' American Unkeji States;
are made up in the beft manner and at a irea-
fonable rate by the Author. All Orders in
this line, directed for Humphry Marjhall^ of
Chefter County, Pennfylvania ; to the Care of
Dr. Thomas Parke, in Philadelphia, will
be carefully and pundlually attended to.
•I
{.
\
0><xxxxxxxxxxx>o<xxx>o<xxxx>oooo<xxxxO
IPIP— i^ I I I I I I I — -!►
INDE^^^,ilt4T>ii^ Generig^ames.
,->"' »t'l
ACER-
JEfcaloft
Amorpha.
Andromeda.
Annona.
Aralia.
Arbutus.
Ajriftolochia.
HiScyrum.
Azlalea. * '^
Baccbaris.
Berberris.
Betula.
Betula-Alnus.
Bignonia.
Caillcarpa.
•>.>4wrra]l[t]yij^. ; -^ rrinos. ,r.;..A
Gaultberfa. '
Gleditfla.: '^;
Glycmcu »
Hilbfia.-; I • ^ •
*^^ ftamainelife.'^
'•• 'Hcdera.-. i '^'^"
'^ "'Hydr Wek. ^ '
I^peridwii. ^' '
' TuglaflS.
^uni^eriis.;
Calycanthus. ■'•'■*' kalmia.' ' , .
Carpmus. Launis. ' ; ..^,
CalGGiie.
Ceanothus.
Celaftrus.
Celtis. ' ^
Cephalanthus.
Cercis.
Chionancbus.
Cletbra.
Cornus.
Corylus.
Cupreflus.
Diofpyros.
Jbixca.
Epigaea.
liuonymus.
Fagus.
Fagus-Caflanea;
fothergilla.
i^it^Uid^'dittar..
" 'LiribdeddirunJv
I'^'Ebhifcfefri.t •*
• Maghol^.; . .
• Menift^dmdjq.
M^piluj. . .
Mitthelia.; *
Mortis, W [.
Myrica.
Nyffa.
plea. , .
..^ Pbiladelphus.
Pii>u8. ; ,
. ^ Ifiijus-Abies; ^
Pinus-LarUc.
Platanus.
popuius^ ;
><"
Pyrus-Malus. ^^/^
Rhodode^l^^.^^^,/,
Rnus- Tbiicodemuon
Ribes. ^" ^^'^
Robii^ia.
Rofa'i
Salix, ,,'j f,|..M,U
Sambucus. ^ti'. rtu* '**
Smiiax. ^^t.i
Sorbus^f ui^fiv: ,vx;a
Stapliy.Hpa.,^,Tnt^n
Stewartia^.^i3d iJ.od
Styrax. ,n,w'i
Taxus. 0^.33^'y :.,^<»
Thuya.. 7 .;.;,. .r.-.d
Tilia. ,^// ,.,.,a
Tillandua. V'«'>rL'!H
Vaccimum. / .,;ii
Viburnum,. ,,
Vifcum. V.l .
Vitis. .,' -i.-bi:''!
XanthoxylwD.3i j,;^
Xanthorbiza. ->} ^j v^ r; q5[
ji
I • J
.:i>. . .y
t
{ »72 )
^-^■■^
AnAr>r» rir ^*^^' I Buming bufli.
CA£lA^^falf(?„ 133
Acad^'tbfce-tfiorDed, 53
Alder, '^'^'^
Allfpice, C^rolinia;^
Ang^icaf ree,^
*• t «
M],H
ApPW;TUftarcf,
Arbor Vitae, ' : ' ^
Arbutus, Trailjfiii !;
Arrow Wood,^^ ^
Aih', Mo^nt^fri,^ '^;'f
Afh,P6if0Ti, '\,^
Afp, oj Afpejj Tm.
Afearot^/'' '^ ' ' /
B: ";^
Balm of GileadW-^
BalfamTree, ' '
Barberry, '-^'' ' '
IJay, "• •'-" "
Bay, Dwarf Ifbffe,';'
Bay, Sweet fldVrerfiijg,
Bean Tree, Kidneyif
fiear-berriesi
Beech,
Bell Tree, Silver, ; *'
Benjamin Tree, .^: ',;.
Berry, Winter, ' *
Bilberry, -^ '''•>.
Bindweed, RoiSgfii "^
Birch, ^'■■•^J^^^?^'^-v
BirdCherryV^' '"''^
Birthwort, f^- " '
Black-berry.
Bladder^W^ut,
Bonduc, '
fijFifur^'-r' t s
DTiifr,''^fecn,
19
23
10
9
151
42
160
50
144
130
107
88
i
202
107
fl
83
5.4.
II
45
57
73
109
I5<5
18
112
i2
137
U7
56
136
Page,
6q
44
ft«tt00iTree, or Woodi ) .^o
B»ii90^Wood, Large r. 105
'•t • ■ •■ » •■I I •» » /^ ' . • . / • • « .
CandletJ^rries, - 94
Cpdafj #ed ... f' ,/>wvf> r^
Ced^r,i|Vhite , M
yiWild, or Bild, r 119
.1 at
.45
,> " ' '-4
47
r. log
75
34
Cherjry, iDwarf,
.pbefnutj
Chefiiu^, Horfe
Chinquepin, .:
Cinqwefoilt
Piftp?,. ^arft ■
Co^je% Kentucky^ .-,..
CoLt^tjc^Q Tree, Carolimao^: io($
. ii3
159
59
21
83
.. ' ?3i
-■*
j.prab Tr€e,
Cranberries,
^eeper^ Virginian
iCrpfs Vine, , ,;
(Jucuinb,er Tree,
CurijafiU,
<;uftar4 Apple,
Cyjyr^ff,^
38
7.
D
Date Plilmb,
Dogberry,
©bgWdod,
Elder,
Elm,
Euonymus, Climing>
I >
49
34
35
140
iss
28
Fern,
( 173 )
>>rn. Sweet,
Fir,
Fox Grape,
Ff \nge Tree,
165
32
Gale, Bog, 95
Gale, Spleeimoj^t-leaved, 77
6ilead, Balm of 102
Goofeberry, . . 132
Ciooreberry> Indian • isB ,
Grape, 165 '
Groundfel Tree, ' 16 «
Gum, Sour . ./ - 97
Gum, Sweet 7<5
K
Kidney Bean Tree, :. : - ::: . 54
L -
Laurel, Amerrcah ^ 71
Laurel, Mountain, .,., ^.Hl
jUeather W^ooA .- ^, 41
Lime, or Linden Tree, - 153
Lime, Ogech^,.. .,..; , ^ j>7
Locuft Tree, r 1*39
LocuftTree, Honey. . ,| 53
M
t ,
t >
Hawthorn, or Haw,
Haw, Black \
Hazel,
Hazel, Witch ;
Hemlock Spruce,
Hep-Tree,
Hickery,
Holly,
Honey Locuft,
poney-fuckle,
87
160
36
58.
103
13S
68
63'
. 53
79
lioney-fuckle, Vpright . lA
Horn-beam, 24
Horfe Chefnut,'
\
t '
r I
Maple, I
MeallyTree, Pliant 159
Medlar, ^ 87
Mifleltoe, , . 1^
Mock Orange, ' 99
Moon- feed, 81
Moft- berries, 159
Mountain Tea, : 5^
Mulberry Tree, - pj
Myrtle, Candleberry; " ^4
N
4'
.' I
Jafmine, Yellow, 22;
Jerfey Tea, ^ 2^7
Indian Arrow Wood, 160.
Indian Pipe-Shank, ii^7-
Ink-Berry, 109
Indigo, Baftard , 5
Johnfonia, '^ 2(2.
Iron Wood, Carolinian 9^
JudasTree, 31'
lyy, 59
l^ettle Tree>
Nickar Tree,
Nine-Bark,
Nut, Bladder
Nut, Hazel
S • ■-« I
O
29
146
147
3^
Oak,
Oak, Poifon .
Oifve,
Orange, .Mock
PapaW'Tree,
Paragua Tea,
-\-- » »V I .»
119
131
pi
9J>
9
26
Pavia,
( »74 )
Pavia,
Pepper-Tree,
Perfimmon Tree,
Pig-nut,
Pine Tree,
Pipe-ihank, Indian
Plane Tree,
Pliant Meally Tree; .
Plowman's Spikenard,
Plamb Tree, -
Phimb, Indian Date
Poifon Afli,
PbiCon Sumach,
Poifon Oak,
Poifon Vine,
Poplar,
Poplar, (emmonlyjocaltfid) 7.8 ',
Quickbeam,
Page.
V 5
164
46
68
100
U7
104
16
110
40
130
1 36
131
131
105
144
R
Rafpberry,
Red-bud,
Red-buds,
Rda-Rod,
Red- Root,
Rofe,
RofeBay, Dwarf
Rofemary, Wild
Saint John's- WortV
Saint Peter's- Wort,
SafTafras,
SalTafras, Swamp
Service Tree,
Service Tree, Wild
Snow- drop Tree,
Sorrel-Tree,
Sour Gum,
Spice Wood,
Spindle Tree,
156
31!
8-
36!
27'
135*
62,
74
.83
144-
38r9P ;
•32'
7
97.
73
StafF Tree,
Stag's-horn-Tree,
Storax Tree,
Storax, Liquid
Sugar Tree.
Sumach,
Sweet Gum,
Page.
28
129
149
77
4
16
Tacaonahat Treev ^- ' ^07
Tea, New-Jerfejr ■ 27
Tea, Mountain, J2
Tea, South Sci 26
Thorn, Black i<o
Thorn, White * SB
Tooth-ach Tree, 166
Trefoil, Shrub 1x4
Tree of Life, 151
Trumpet flower, 20
Tulip Tree, . , 78
Tulip Tree, Laurel-leaved S 2
Tupelo Tree, 95
u . •
Umbrella-Tree, 84
V
Vine, 164.
Vine, Climing five-leaved 59
Vine, Poifon
W
Walnut,
Way-faring Tree,
Whortle Berry,
Willow Tree,
.Winter Green, .
.Witch Hazd,.
Y
Yellow Root,
Yew,
43 I Yapon,
13'
65
159
IS6
139
"S
58
167
26
.1
T'
V*
" .*- .
4
I
■■■1
I 3 2044 102 812 229 '"
n
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